Adultery in the Seventeenth Century Essay Example For Students

Infidelity in the Seventeenth Century Essay Since the commencement of progress, most grown-up people have foundthat blending off is the most ideal approach to begin and raise a family.Everyculture has its own particular manner of getting these pairings from lifelongpartnerships a guarantee of only a couple years.Some have been made forlove and some for cash. In certain connections, the two accomplices are expectedto stay steadfast, in others just one is permitted to wander, and sometimesboth individuals are given a free rein. A great deal of this is chosen by economicfactors and the measure of pressure that each culture puts regarding the matter ofadultery. During the seventeenth century, the British had a very uniqueway of taking a gander at infidelity that had little to do with adoration and a lot to dowith cash. By taking a gander at Thomas Middletons A Chaste Maid in Cheapsideand a few reports from the seventeenth century, one can see whocheated, why they cheated, and a portion of the potential results ofadultery. There are a few senses that individuals have created over centuries ofhunting and gathering that are minimal badly designed in current society.Oneof those impulses is the longing to reproduce a great deal. That is the majorreason why men discover it so alluring to undermine their spouses. For a man, itis conceivable to make a kid each time he has intercourse with a lady as long asits an alternate lady each time. In early human advancements, men had morestatus on the off chance that they could accommodate more ladies and their children.Ratherlike a pride of lions, in numerous early social orders, there were a couple of men whowere accountable for the town or network, and they approached all thewomen and fathered all the kids. As a byproduct of being the dads ofthe people to come, they needed to chase and murder to accommodate theirchildren and ladies (Fisher 87-88). This longing for youngsters hadnt lessened by thetimetheseventeenth century moved around. In early present day England, men were veryconcerned about fathering kids and furnishing them with a legacy. In A Chaste Maid in Cheapside, Sir Walter Whorehound and Sir Oliver Kix areboth aristocrats who need to have kids. Sir Walter keeps the Allwits sothat he may lay down with Mrs. Allwit. Mr. Allwit helps bring up the childrenthat his better half has with Sir Walter in return for cash and goods.SirWalter is in reality exceptionally defensive and desirous of Mrs. Allwits expressions of love. He even asks Mr. Allwit in the event that he were once offering to go to/bed to her(Middleton I.ii.105-6) in a regressive portrayal of a keeps an eye on jealousyconcerning his significant other. To Sir Walter, it is significant that he knows thechildren are his. He even has a hireling that watches the Allwits house tomake sure Mr. Allwit never lays down with his better half. Sir Oliver and his significant other, Lady Kix, are in an alternate circumstance. They have cash and need to have kids Animal Rights Protests EssayBut in the event that infidelity is a transgression against God, at that point shouldnt the congregation dealwith these miscreants as they do with others (D.T. 10)?It would certainlymake sense on certain levels to leave the discipline of miscreants to thechurch since they hold it as such a horrible wrongdoing. Be that as it may, numerous realizedthat it is hard to find or demonstrate infidelity without aconfession or an observer (D.T. 10). Now and again be that as it may, infidelity canaffect the lawful status of an individual. In the event that a lady bears a kid that is nother spouses, at that point that youngster can be denied any inheritance.Also, thenoblemen of England felt that they ought not need to bring up and support theillegitimate offspring of their wives and they certainly shouldnt have topass on their riches to children who werent genuinely theirs. In light of these convictions, the punishments for individuals got committingadultery were amazingly unforgiving. In 1650 Parliament really passed a lawthat stated:And be it further enactedthat on the off chance that any wedded womanshallbe lewdly known by any man (other than her better half, exceptin instances of ravishment) and of such offense or offenses will beconvicted as previously mentioned by admission otherwiseand isherebyadjudged crime, andshall endure demise as if there should be an occurrence of lawful offense withoutbenefit of ministry (England 828).For men, the discipline was similarly as brutal, yet just in the event that they were caughtsleeping with a wedded lady (England 828).Any other extra-maritalaffairs were basically disregarded as unimportant.Whats abnormal and unfairabout the entirety of this is a lady can be killed for dozing withanyone other than her significant other, yet other than saying men are not permitted tosleep with different mens spouses, this Act makes no notice of a wedded manand his darlings. One case of this law against adulteress ladies happened late in theseventeenth century. The Duke of Norfolks spouse, Mary, was blamed ofadultery and brought before specific individuals from Parliament to argue hercase. The Duke and Duchess both delivered a progression of witnessesincluding hirelings and companions. A few of the Dukes witnesses said theysaw the Duchess in her chambers and uncovered while another man was there. They did inevitably see her as liable of infidelity, but instead than have herexecuted, the individuals from Parliament let the Duke have a separation (Norfolk 1-22). So for what reason would anybody admit to infidelity when its conceivable that itwill lead to death? Most by far of individuals who might undermine theirspouses are not the kind of individuals who feel terrible enough about it afterwardto request that Parliament remove their heads, so it is profoundly far fetched thatmany individuals at any point admitted after that specific law was passed. Male or female, rich or poor, it appears that everybody in theseventeenth century had motivation to undermine their spouse.Thecharacters in Middletons A Chaste Maid in Cheapside speak to all sides ofthis odd snare of miscreants and their accomplices in crime.Men like SirWalter did it to have more kids or for no reason in particular. Ladies like the WelshGentlewoman needed warmth and security. Rich individuals did it in light of the fact that itwas engaging and needy individuals did it for cash. In any event, confronting the sort ofconsequences of these activities, numerous men and many ladies wereunfaithful to their life partners. There were strict convictions and laws thatthey overlooked for physical joy and desire.Perhaps thereason people have such a high assessment of constancy is on the grounds that it is sodifficult for them to accomplish it.

What Is a Moratorium On Foreclosures

The home loan emergency in America is a political interesting issue that has taken a front seat to numerous different subjects of national significance. Indeed, even the up and coming presidential political decision has the capability of having this very point at the focal point of each candidate’s motivation. In any case, with a matter of such national essentialness it would seem like every single most American appear to know is that the economy is terrible and that about spreads it. Numerous Americans are unconscious of this monetary emergency happening and are even less mindful of how it could influence them. In this way, the detached and oblivious mentality towards such a quandary could be clarified. So as to aid the annihilation of this issue, one must inspect the significance of a home loan and that will improve the understanding concerning why dispossessions are happening all through the nation. Besides, with this base comprehension of this market we may better comprehend why Congressional and state lawmakers wish to put a ban, or impermanent freeze, to the present dispossession crisis. What is a Mortgage? To begin with, let’s inspect what a home loan is. As indicated by the Freddie Mac loaning organization a home loan is, â€Å"†¦ a lien on a property/house that makes sure about an advance and is paid in portions over a set timeframe. The home loan makes sure about your guarantee that you'll reimburse the cash you've obtained to purchase your home. † There are additionally a few sorts of home loans accessible through loaning offices also. A portion of coming up next are the essential choices accessible: fixed rate, movable rate, swell/reset, switch, and the most sizzling one that is being discussed the subprime contract. This is the one that ought to be hit on most intensely in light of the fact that this is the explanation behind the dispossession emergency happening at the present time. The issue with subprime contract loaning is the way that a subprime moneylender is ruthless in nature, much like an advance shark. These organizations go after the individuals who can't get a home loan through standard organizations because of poor credit or potentially various different elements. These organizations at that point charge high financing costs on the home loans they reach out to shoppers. These financing costs are set on the standard of the advance and basically the individual paying on the credit should pay on the enthusiasm for lieu of the rule for an extremely significant stretch of time. As indicated by Reuters, â€Å"The emergency encompassing subprime contracts reached out to borrowers with inconsistent credit [can] frighten money related markets and could develop a droop in the U. S. lodging market that a few business analysts dread could put the economy near a downturn. † What is a Foreclosure? Second, Foreclosures happen when a borrower or proprietor of a bundle of property or home defaults on an advance installment, for example, a home loan installment, and the moneylender documents a default notice, whereby a bank or home loan organization repossesses they property being referred to and the proprietor/borrower looses whatever rights he/she may have had before the default. The issue with dispossessing individual’s property today is that there are a plenty of individuals in America that are defaulting on their home loan installments because of the easing back economy, ruthless loaning, Visa obligation; the rundown is interminable. In the event that the home loan organizations dispossessed every one of those defaulting, there would be more destitute Americans than in U. S. history. What Is the Proposed Solution? At long last, let’s look at what has been proposed as an answer for the issue of abandonments because of stretched out home loans to borrowers, the way things are. The U. S. government is endeavoring to facilitate an arrangement with contract banks to help upset borrowers with defaulting on their home loan installments. In any case, numerous officials likewise might want to see a ban happen; freezing all dispossessions so that monetarily upset borrowers can have some an opportunity to shield from losing their homes. Administrators accept this activity won't just help borrowers, however it will likewise assist with balancing out the economy and the lodging market because of property holders having the opportunity to collect value. Besides, legislators have proposed to expand in excess of five billion dollars to the hardest-hit networks so property holders may have the option to adapt somewhat simpler with the emergency. Florida, Nevada, California, Michigan and Ohio are key state in next year’s decisions just as probably the hardest-hit because of the home loan emergency. With legislators directing in charge for an answer for one of the best monetary inquiries since the Great Depression each of the one can do is holding back to perceive what the following organization will do to help with the current issue.

Essay on the Lottery - Using Different Topics to Write an Essay on the Lottery

Essay on the Lottery - Using Different Topics to Write an Essay on the LotteryHow can you get ideas for different topics you could use to write an essay on the lottery? In today's world, there are many different topics you could use to write an essay on the lottery. It seems that all of the popular shows are now using the lottery in some way or another. Here are some tips for you.The first tip for you is to watch the talk show hosts on television. You will find that the show that has the most time dedicated to it is usually the one talking about the lottery. You should find a variety of topics to write an essay on the lottery. You could talk about different lottery events like game reruns or special deals that were given out in the past.The second tip is to think about the whole topic of the show and then go out and find a variety of articles on the topic. While doing this, you could also do some research on the history of the lottery. This could include statistics that have been rec orded about the lottery and how it has changed over the years. There are also many different methods of purchasing lottery tickets that have been tested over the years.The third tip is to read books about the lottery. You may want to check out the American Book Trust if you are not familiar with them. You will find that they have quite a few books that are written by people who have had experience in the lottery industry.The fourth tip is to talk to people in the industry. If you know someone who is in the business, then this would be a great tip for you. They could tell you what kinds of things that they recommend you write about, and also what things that you should avoid when writing about the topic.The fifth tip is to write an opinion piece about a variety of different topics that you could use to write an essay on the lottery. These could include sports-related topics. You could also talk about topics that relate to gambling in general.The sixth tip is to start researching the topics that you feel are relevant to the topic you are writing about. Do your research, and then try to find a topic that is related to it. Once you find a topic that you think is related to the topic you are writing about, you can continue to research it until you have found the best topic that you could write about.These are just a few tips for you when you are looking to write an essay on the lottery. If you find that you don't like any of the ideas, you may be able to expand on them so that you feel more comfortable with them. You may find that a book, newspaper article, or even an online article could help you to expand on the ideas that you have when you are trying to write an essay on the lottery.

Billy Sunday Essay - 2426 Words

Billy Sunday For almost a quarter century Billy Sunday was a household name in the United States. Between 1902 when he first made the pages of the New York Times and 1935 when the paper covered his death and memorial service in detail, people who knew anything about current events had heard of the former major league baseball player who was preaching sin and salvation to large crowds all over America. Not everyone who knew of the famous evangelist liked him. Plenty of outspoken critics spoke of his flashy style and criticized his conservative doctrines. But he had hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of loyal defenders, and they were just as loud in their praise as the critics were in their criticism. Whether†¦show more content†¦He also studied Scripture and became unusually generous toward the needy. Furthermore, Sunday was constrained by an obsession to tell others how he had finally found inner peace and a more purposeful life. At first through lectures and then in sermons, he related how Jesus Christ gave him a new life of meaning, peace, and hope. This same gospel, he said, would similarly transform others. The evidence is overwhelmingly that it did. If Billy Sunday was sincere devoted, and motivated, he was also a product of his times and an example of the culture and morals of middle America. On the other hand, Sunday took many stands against popular beliefs, and he persuaded multitudes to join him in a war against many of the modernistic ideas of the time that he saw as evil. As he once summarized his opinion so well, â€Å"What this world needs is a tidal wave of reform† (Sunday â€Å"Satan† 24). It is true that Sunday was a showman who craved an audience and loved applause. But he also touched the lives of countless men and women of all social classes, helping them escape various forms of personal bondage and find freedom in the gospel. And if he did not convert all of urban America to his brand of Christianity, he at least played a major role in helping to keep conservative biblical Christianity alive in this century (Dorsett 3). To understand fully why he thought, lived, preached, and teached the way he did, we should look at hisShow MoreRelatedBilly Elliot Into the World Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesBilly Elliot Into the World There are a variety of pathways and elements, which enables individual transition into a New World. ‘Into the World’ is about people choosing the next pathway into their life by their own determination, experiences and support which enables them to go beyond their original location and narrow view of the world. ‘Billy Elliot’ relates to the elective ‘Into the World’ as the film is about new possibilities opening up, determination, family support and individual growthRead MoreMy Youngest Daughter s Wedding Reception1010 Words   |  5 Pagesyoungest daughter s wedding reception was on Sunday. I had to pick up the cake at 10:30 AM that morning, and dutifully I was on my way. The local talk radio station was doing a Sunday morning garden program. I lasted about 4 minutes with that. My new iPod does not fit my older iPod setup so well, so I was forced to slip back to frequency modulation for something to listen to. Classic rock was thankfully ther e to save me from myself. The first tune played was Billy Idol s Rebel Yell. Yeah, I yelled -Read More†Many are selected but few are chosen† . this is a saying that not many people can live up to800 Words   |  4 Pages†Many are selected but few are chosen† . this is a saying that not many people can live up to with the exception of Billy Graham whom did many great things and made a big impact around the world. He also owns television shows , programs , has his own website , agencies , videos and films which are available to any one who is interested in the word of the lord. Billy Graham was an American Christian evangelist who became quite well known all around the world by his talent and the way heRead MoreWhy I Learned The Piano1153 Words   |  5 Pagesme, so to have a memory tied to music helps me remember, and to have that memory tied to my grandmother, who doesn’t have her memory anymore, means so much more. Every time I see a piano or hear certain songs like â€Å"Piano Man† by Billy Joel or â€Å"Achy Breaky Heart† by Billy Ray Cyrus, I think of those afternoons in her sitting room, with just the sunlight shining through the windows, lighting the room up. Now I am more willing to see her. I got a call from my mom telling me they had Hospice care broughtRead MoreMen Of Honor Film Analysis813 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ideas of racism, determination and acceptance are a key aspect of the film because they show us how blacks were discriminated against in the Navy, how Carl got to his professional position due to his ongoing determination and hard work and how Billy grew to accept Carl and other black individuals. Determination was a large part of Carls success in the Navy. Carl was passionate to become a Navy diver since he was young. Carl was a young African American trying to work his way to a master diverRead MoreEssay on Religious Experience715 Words   |  3 Pagesbeing raised as a Pentacostal Christian, the first idea that came to me after hearing this was for Billy and I to go with our friend Arjuns family to a Hindu temple—since Arjun had moved away recently to go to college however, he was unable to attend. On Sunday, February 21, Billy and I joined Arjuns father in his trip to the Hindu temple in Orlando—we had to wake up earlier than usual for a Sunday but it was for good cause. We arrived at the temple in Orlando just before 10AM for a prayer serviceRead MoreBilly the Bully790 Words   |  3 Pages Billy the Bully Introduction Early on a Saturday morning I was hurrying down the street to buy a scone for my big sister at our neighborhood bakery. It was her birthday and I wanted to do something special for her (besides the gifts we had planned for her later in the day). It was a cloudy spring day and rain was predicted, so I was moving pretty fast because I didnt have an umbrella. I bought the ginger scone and on the way back home I looked across the street and saw a boy from my class pushingRead MoreKohlberg s Moral Development Theory776 Words   |  4 Pages Whenever Billy or his girlfriend ask Ashley to do her chores such as cleaning her room or cleaning the table, she wants to know what is in it for her? They usually give her sticker or let her play compute games for 15 minutes. She is happily doing that to earn the rewards. Ashley’s point of view that, she looks for her benefit or reward put her in Stage 2 of level 1(Pre-conventional) base on Kohlberg’s Theory which is a Moral developmen t theory. Kohlberg’s Moral Development is based on the reasoningRead MoreEssay-Personal Narrative-Creative Writing1395 Words   |  6 Pagesin the backseat. â€Å"It’s with Nate and Lyle, they drove ahead in the van to get situated.† â€Å"Cool.† Leaning back, Remi pulled out her journal and tried to map out her route. The festival started on Friday and lasted through Sunday. Today was Monday, and Remi had spent most of Sunday tracing her routes. Tomorrow she had an appointment to meet with Evie Crofton at ‘The Crofton Safe Haven.’ As far as Remi was concerned, she was the best bet at finding her first clues. The day dragged on longer than RemiRead MoreKurt Vonnegut s Slaughterhouse Five 1490 Words   |  6 PagesSuffering Through Billy Pilgrim Kurt Vonnegut was an American author who published a variety of works including novels, short stories, plays, and a few works of non-fiction. Kurt Vonnegut explains how war and the experiences that come with it can cause suffering to the minds of people that it affects. In his novel Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut uses his novel to focus on his anti-war stance by showcasing humanity s suffering due to war. Vonnegut reveals this suffering through Billy Pilgrim s experience

Informative Speech - Existence of Extraterrestrial Beings

Gatan, Catherine Fiorina F. January 4, 2011 ------------------------------------------------- Informative Speech CA 104 Section 6 Existence of Extraterrestrial Bodies With all our knowledge of everything around us, overwhelming as it may be, there are still a lot of aspects that are unknown to even the smartest scientists. Did you know that humans know only 5% of the entire universe? Yes, everything we know about the Earth, the Milky Way, and all the planets is barely even a fourth of what comprises the entirety of the universe. Knowing that, it would be illogical to say that the creatures on Earth are the only forms of life in the universe. Today I will tell you about unidentified object sightings, close†¦show more content†¦Any discussion on this conspiracy, however, will not be complete without talking what went and goes on in Roswell, New Mexico, or better known as Area 51. Area 51 is known to be a US Military Base where 75 miles away, there reported to be a UFO crash landing on July 2, 1947 that left an exceptional amount of debris all over the area. The Roswell Army Air Field reported that they recovered a â€Å"flying disc† but a few hours after this information was released, the government immediately said it was a â€Å"weather balloon.† RAAF even reported having recovered alien bodies but as expected, the government denied again and simply stated that it was the military men’s trauma from accidents. Countless witnesses during and after the reported crash date have confirmed seeing flying objects, crop circles and usual activity within the area. Area 51 is now conspired to be a place where they examine evidences of alien bodies, UFO crashes, etc, but the government refuses to confirm and have denied these allegations. More than sightings, as promised, let me take you in on one of the craziest abduction stories. There have been over 60,000 reported abductions worldwide. In most cases, the victims are returned but don’t remember a thing. And in some, the victims are lost forever. The story I’m about to tell you is one of the most bizarre ones ever recorded. So bizarre that it took more than ten years to be ableShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages...................................................................................................................... 67 CHAPTER 3 Writing with the Appropriate Precision .............................................................. 88 Being Ambiguous................................................................................................................................. 89 Context and Background Knowledge .......................................................................Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagescapabilities rather than making artificial distinctions between what is acceptable and what is not. He also has contributed widely to the accounting literature, taking forward the British tradition of economic theorizing in financial accounting as well as being a constant source of creative thinking in the management accounting field. Michael has also contributed in a number of different institutional arenas: the academic, of course, but also those of the profession and the wider public sphere. Ever helpful

family culture Essay - 1736 Words

Often times when we hear the word culture, we think of the differences of different countries. That statement may be true; however, there are different cultures within the same country, even within the same city. No matter what culture we call our own, there are distinct differences between that of other cultures around us. One of the major differences occurs in the realm of family; family affection to be more specific. When talking about family affection, we should consider many different aspects. It was my task and privilege to explore these aspects. I consider myself having a strong American culture. My family has been here for many years and has adopted the â€Å"American Way†. After being born and raised in Wisconsin, I now spend my†¦show more content†¦Teresa, however, does show a little affection towards her family â€Å"by teasing or making fun of them†¦the stupid things. By laughing together, that’s how my family shows our affection toward each other.† My family does tease each other too, however, we more of consider that having fun than showing affection. The simple act of showing affection is very different throughout different cultures. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another aspect of our different cultures is our reactions to the affection that is shown to us. As my family members show affection to me, I feel good about it. To me there is nothing better than to know that my family cares about me. I usually show affection back to them after they have shown some affection towards me. However, this is not the case with Teresa. â€Å"If a family member did show affection I would probably just shrug it off and think they lost their mind for a moment or something,† explains Teresa. Affection is very important in my culture, so if we showed affection toward a family member and that person just shrugged it off, we would think they are being rude or that something is wrong. A lot of how we treat each other as a family member depends upon reactions to affection and caring. One thing to think about when talking about a family showing affection to one another is how the family interacts in public as compared to in private. In my culture, it does not really matter if we are in public. We show just as much affection for one anotherShow MoreRelatedFamily Culture : Family And Culture1262 Words   |  6 Pages Family and Culture I traveled to Germany last summer to visit my friend Janine I noticed many different behaviors in family life that differed from the culture home and family life.The family I stayed with seemed so connected compared to my own. The ways the families in Germany treat their guest is very different and far more hospitable than here in America. I was also surprised by how welcoming everyone I met from Janine s family. The biggest cultural shock thatRead MoreFamily and Culture1010 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Family culture is a unique way that a family forms itself in terms of rules, roles, habits, activities, beliefs, and other areas† (â€Å"What is family culture?†, 2002). The perception of family is an aspect of family culture; this includes the interactions within the family and with others. Some of these perceptions can be defined as myths. A myth is a belief about someone or something that is believed to be true, but it is false, made-up, or exaggerated (S. Yu, Lecture ). There are both positive andRead MoreFamily Culture1764 Words   |  8 PagesOften times when we hear the word culture, we think of the differences of different countries. That statement may be true; however, there are different cultures within the same country, even within the same city. 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A family that does not have a son is viewed as a burden to the clan and community, because such a family will not contribute much to the community,† (p. 24). In the culture, the son(s) will take care of the parents as the daughter willRead MorePersonal Culture And My Family Culture Essay2114 Words   |  9 PagesWhile looking upon my personal culture and my family’s culture in an attempt to find appropriate dishes for this assignment, it became apparent to me that I have no definite culture. Whereas I have lived in Canada my whole life, my family’s background has engaged me in varying cultures, though I have never felt truly attuned to one culture. On the other hand, my father is a first generation Canadian, his parents both from Scotland. 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This leads to limited freedom in career choices and no independence, particularly for women. Career choices and independence should be the first priority for any individual. In my culture, the choices made by a family member are mostly guided by the rules and goals of the cult ure, irrespectiveRead MoreThe Fatherhood Across Cultures : A Family Responsibility For Most Cultures2452 Words   |  10 PagesFatherhood Across Cultures I. Introduction The job of child rearing is widely regarded as a maternal responsibility for most cultures rooted in patriarchal systems (Hossain et al., 2007), and any prevalent studies on the role parents play in childcare tend to focus primarily on the relationship between mother and child. Analysis on the involvement of fathers in infant/child development had been somewhat lacking in the spectrum of cross-cultural psychology research until recently, with the

Laugh Out Loud Private Language- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLaugh Out Loudfor Private Language and Public Laws. Answer: The evolution of speech has been dated back to several thousand years ago. Speech and writing have been widely used for communication purposes. However there varied distinctions as to pertain speech and writing as aspects of language. Writing is not a reflection of casual speech. However, speech imitates writing, in text which are formal based, but however not in its natural way. The phonological way is writing like the way you speak, the essence has been that we dont obey the general rules of writing, often grammatical errors, capitalization issues occur and spelling errors often occur. The use of LOL for example has been used to mean laughing out loud, however the meaning have changed , people nowadays are not laughing loud each and every time they write the same instead it has been used as a sign of empathy and pragmatic. It has been used popularly in the internet based social networking, (Jimmi Robert, 2005). It has since become the common slang in computer mediated communicatio n worldwide. The meanings often refer to emotions and smiles. Some of the examples of these text variance include the following; you hate me lol, I am going to kill, lol, I am dam dead, lol, the exam is tomorrow, lol, you hate me, lol, I am a winner, lol, Not a nice thing to lol. In this first set of word it refers to the softening of the tonal variation, the stereotyping frequency is lol, laugh out loud. It is often used in any conversations of few participants signalling interlocutor involvement just like mm, mhmmh etc. In other texts it is used to refer to phrases such as; lol, i can access my internet now! and how fast is the internet, lol,. In this case, the phrases doesnt need any laughing at all perhaps, lol has been misguided. In text convention of lol, the general meaning is laughing out loud, but actuality there is no laughter, and yet in theory it is actually there. When people see older text in a conversation they express the feeling using the lol, the overall understanding of the substrate then you will realize that lol do not refe r to the actual act of laughing but something else, (Lawrence, 2004). Other text phrases can have different meanings to explain deeper understanding than the phrase. Examples include I love the book your reading, Partner, lol thanks, i will give. In this text you may think that the conversation is funny, but actually no one is laughing, and yet it has been used, it can portray some hiccup in the manning and context of the words, (Antonin, 2005). The use of pragmatism to show empathy can utilise the form of lol, an example to illustrate this is; lol, I have to travel immediately, In this cases the persona is not amused, the usage of lol is used in a particulate manner, as a show of empathy and a sign of accommodation. In linguistics it is referred to as pragmatic particles, (Mark, 2005). Indirect speeches have used as assessments of speech; they give us different perspectives and analysis. When we return to the act of speech of questioning, we can generate several sentences which interrogate a speech. We can consider this question, did you receive the price? A positive answer to the question is yes that is a direct answer, however consider this answer, do you know if you receive the price? The phrase framing portrays a question like state however, when there is no inquiry; mostly the answer will be yes. In real life situation the answer is yes i did or probably no i only got lunch. The reply applied in this case is prioritized as an utterance but not the face meaning, however a yes response signifies the true meaning of the question (Mark, 2005). Maxim principles in linguistics, refer to the use of pragmatic connation or further study of speech acts, it tries to explain the meaning of utterances when used reflects the background meaning. Outward state meaning of the utterances, speakers mean can result from assumption of a statement. It has 4 units, maxim of quality, quantity, relevance and manner. The statement above doesnt imply anything on the use of maxim, as they dont offer any suggestive gesture whatsoever. Maxim rule applies when comparing what is said and what is done for a particular statement. (Deirdre Dan, n.d). Concluding, lol and other initials in literature world have advanced from the computer aided communiqu to facial communication protocol. Instant messaging has taken shape with these use, actually more usage has been pronounced in real speech. References Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber,. "Relevance Theory", in G. Ward and L. Horn (eds) Handbook of Pragmatics. Blackwell, 607-632. Lawrence Solan, (2004)."Private Language, Public Laws", Georgetown Law Review. Antonin Scalia,(2005). Review of Law's Quandary by Steven Smith, First Things. Mark Liberman,, (2005). "A result that no sensible person could have intended", Language Log. Jimmi Harrigan, Robert Rosenthal, Methods in Nonverbal Behavior Research, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-19-852962-0

Beowulf And Evil Problem Essays - Beowulf, Grendel, Hrothgar

Beowulf And Evil Problem The key to writing an epic poem is to show that there is a predominant hero who paved the way for a nation. This hero should be someone who shows qualities such as loyalty to his followers, bravery and courage just to name a few. Strophe 8 in Burton Raffels' translation of Beowulf shows all of these qualities in Beowulf. Strophe 8 is the tail of Beowulf's first of three battles with deadly beasts. It starts out by telling the reader that Grendel is coming "out from the marsh... bearing God's hatred"(394-395) revealing to all that Grendel comes from a hellish hole and is all that is evil. Little does Grendel know that this trip for prey shall not be as easy as the previous many. The monster who once took 30 men to his slimy hell of a home to eat would "gnaw the broken bones of his last human supper"(417-418). The great Beowulf and his 14 warriors have been called upon to save Hrothgars people and destroy this beast. After devouring one man with ease, Grendel grasped Beowulf and found himself to be at the mercy Beowulf's deadly grip. The battle through the beautiful hall of Herot proved to be successful when "him who of all the men on earth was the strongest"(471-472) defeated the retched beast. Beowulf proved to all that he would back down to no one. Any good battle can make a story exciting, and that is exactly what the battle with Grendel does to this story. At the very beginning of this strophe the reader is informed about Grendels living quarters setting the mood in an evil tone. It is already known that Beowulf is the ideal of good, thus setting up the ever-exciting battle of god versus evil. The battle was so intense that "the high halls rang, it's roof boards swayed and Danes shook with terror"(449-450). Such an intense battle is so enthralling that it is hard not to be enveloped in all the commotion. Grendel the beast who could not be defeated by any ordinary man "whose hands were harder"(434) and there was nothing he could do about it. This great power Beowulf showed in the battle truly set him apart from all other normal men. The whole time I was reading this part of the poem I was anxious to find the result of the battle. The translator did an excellent job of capturing the parts of the strophe, which made it so exciting. The way it was described that Grendel "snatched the first Geat... drank the blood from his veins and bolted him down"(421-425) shows how graphic the language is in this poem making it much more exciting. I really became interested in the plot after this strophe because of the vivid and colorful imagery that was used to describe the battle. Imagery is very important part of capturing your audience and this strophe did exactly that. When trying to translate any type of literature it can be very hard to capture the excitement in the original work. When you have a specific point to get across it can be much harder, but in Beowulf is very clearly shown that Beowulf is loyal to his people, brave and courageous the true characteristics of a hero.

Why Americans Once Gave the ‘Bellamy Salute’

Why Americans Once Gave the ‘Bellamy Salute’ The American school children in the picture are showing their loyalty to our flag and country by giving the â€Å"Bellamy Salute† while reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. Despite how it might look, the Bellamy Salute had nothing to do with Nazi dictator Adolph Hitler, but it did cause quite stir many years ago. In fact, the Bellamy Salute is an interesting aside on the history of the Pledge of Allegiance itself. Who Was â€Å"Bellamy?† Francis J. Bellamy actually wrote the original Pledge of Allegiance at the request of Daniel Sharp Ford, owner of a popular Boston-based magazine of the day named the Youth’s Companion. In 1892, Ford began a campaign to place American flags in every classroom in the nation. Ford believed that with the Civil War (1861-1865) still so fresh in the memories of so many Americans, a great public show of patriotism would help stabilize a still fragile nation. Along with the flags, Sharp assigned Bellamy, one of his staff writers at the time, to create a short phrase to be recited to honor the flag and all it stood for. Bellamy’s work, the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag, was published in the Youth’s Companion, and immediately struck a chord with Americans. The first organized use of the Pledge of Allegiance came on Oct. 12, 1892, when some 12 million American school children recited it to commemorate the 400-year anniversary of the voyage of Christopher Columbus. In 1943, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that school administrators or teachers could not force students to recite the Pledge. How it Became Bellamy’s Salute Bellamy and Sharp also felt a physical, non-military style salute should be given to the flag as the Pledge was recited. When the instructions for the salute were printed in the Youth’s Companion under his name, the gesture became known as the Bellamy Salute. The instructions for the Bellamy Salute were simple: When reciting the Pledge, each person was to extend their right arm straight ahead and pointing slightly upward, with their fingers pointing straight ahead or in the direction of the flag, if present. And That Was Fine†¦ Until Americans had no problem with the Bellamy Salute and rendered it proudly until the days before World War II, when Italians and Germans began showing loyalty to dictators Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler with the disturbingly similar â€Å"Heil Hitler!† salute. Americans giving the Bellamy Salute began to fear that they might be mistaken as showing allegiance to the growingly powerful European fascist and Nazi regimes. In his book â€Å"To the Flag: The Unlikely History of the Pledge of Allegiance,† author Richard J. Ellis wrote, â€Å"the similarities in the salute had begun to attract comment as early as the mid-1930s.† Fears also began to grow that the editors of European newspapers and films could easily crop the American flag from pictures of Americans giving the Bellamy Salute, thus giving Europeans the false impression that Americans were beginning to support Hitler and Mussolini. As Ellis wrote in his book, â€Å"the embarrassing resemblance between the ‘Heil Hitler’ salute and the salute that accompanied the Pledge of Allegiance,† stirred fears among many Americans that the Bellamy Salute could be used overseas for pro-fascist propaganda purposes. So Congress Ditched It On December 22, 1942, back in the days when Congress really took care of business, lawmakers passed a bill amending the U.S. Flag Code to mandate that the Pledge of Allegiance should â€Å"be rendered by standing with the right hand over the heart,† exactly like we do it today. Other Changes to the Pledge Besides the demise of the Bellamy Salute in 1942, the exact wording of the Pledge of Allegiance has been changed over the years. For example, the phrase â€Å"I pledge allegiance to the flag,† was original written by Bellamy as â€Å"I pledge allegiance to my flag.† The â€Å"my† was dropped out of concerns that immigrants to the United States, even those who had completed the naturalization process, might be seen as pledging allegiance to the flag of their home nation. The biggest and by far most controversial change came in 1954, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower drove a move to add the words â€Å"under God† after â€Å"one nation.† â€Å"In this way we are reaffirming the transcendence of religious faith in America’s heritage and future; in this way we shall constantly strengthen those spiritual weapons which forever will be our countrys most powerful resource in peace and war,† declared Eisenhower at the time. In June 2002, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco declared the entire Pledge of Allegiance unconstitutional because of its inclusion of the phrase â€Å"under God.† The court held that the phrase violated the First Amendment’s guarantee of separation of church and state. However, the next day, 9th Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Alfred Goodwin, issued a stay that prevented enforcement of the ruling. So while its wording may change again, you can bet the Bellamy Salute will have no place in the future of the Pledge of Allegiance.

Human Trafficking in the Philippines Research Paper

Human Trafficking in the Philippines - Research Paper Example Human trafficking has since become a serious global problem since its impacts is being felt by almost every country worldwide. Philippine is among the top countries where human trafficking is at its top. Report indicates that Philippines acts as a source, destination and transit country for women, men and children who are trafficked and subjected to forced labor and sex among other forms of exploitations. Philippine women are trafficked throughout the different parts of Asia, after being deceived of decent job opportunities. The same applies to Philippine men and children who are increasingly being shipped to different parts of Asia (Castles and Miller, 1998). Estimates from ILO indicate that about 1 million Filipino women and men are shipped to foreign countries every year for work opportunities. The finding also found out that about 10 million Filipinos currently work and live abroad. Most of these Filipino migrants are subjected to conditions of forced labor, sex workers, or domes tic workers throughout Asia. Report indicates that most Filipino women employed as domestic workers abroad are subjected to all manner of atrocities and exploitation. The women are raped, battered, and sexually abuse. At the same time, Skilled Filipino immigrant workers such as doctors, accountants, engineers are also forced to work under voluntary servitude. Reports indicate that Filipino women are increasingly being trafficked as commercial sex workers in countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, and other Asian Countries (Gonzales, 2012). Opportunities available to "organize the crime" The high rate of human trafficking in Philippine has been catalyzed by a number of factors. Poverty and unemployment top the list as the key factors that offer the opportunity for the organization of the crime. Report indicates that Philippine is one of the poorest countries in Asia. The poverty level is particularly high in rural areas. The slow economic growth has also made it difficult for the government to create enough jobs for its over 92 million people. This means that many Filipinos are jobless. This has made the poor and jobless Filipinos vulnerable to illegal recruiters offering better prospects to poor Filipinos abroad. This has seen many Filipinos fall victim of the illegal recruiters who ship them abroad with the hope of getting greener pastures. However, a majority of the Filipinos who fall prey to the illegal recruiters end up in agony when they land in the foreign countries where they are exploited either as sex workers or forced labor (Arias, 2011). Philippine has also experienced successive civil strife like the one experienced in the southern part of the country. The civil strife increased poverty level in this area where polygamy is common thereby increasing the vulnerability of residents to trafficking. Report indicates that residents of southern Philippine violently displaced by the civil war were forced to migrate to other co untries as a way of looking for a place where they could improve their present situation. This offers a great opportunity for traffickers to offer their services. Such was also witnessed during the 2010 civil strife in the country, which left over 130,000 Filipinos displaced by the violence vulnerable for trafficking. This is because they were longing for a safer place where they could carry on with their businesses (Arias, 2011).

Unfair Dismissal And The Equality Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unfair Dismissal And The Equality Act - Essay Example The first thing that a tribunal has to look at before it makes an award for a claim brought under unfair dismissal is to first look at the substantial merits of the case as was shown in the case of Iceland Frozen foods limited .vs. Jones the tribunal held that as to the substantive merits of the case they did not regard Mr. Jones failure to be serious and did not regard it reasonable to dismiss him on those grounds. Does Sarah woods case have substantial merit to constitute a claim? In the case of Sarah Wood, her employer discriminated against her on the basis that she could not speak Spanish and that she was not a Catholic. This also led to harassment from his employer and eventually her dismissal. The Employment Act provides for two tests when looking at a claim for unfair dismissal. It will first look to see if the employer acted reasonably in dismissing the claimant and further if the employer had fair reasons to dismiss the claimant. In the case of Sarah Woods, her employer did not have fair reasons to dismiss her and he did not act reasonably in doing so. There are dismissals that the employment tribunal regards to be automatically unfair even if the process of the dismissal was appropriate. These dismissals are those that fall under discrimination and especially based on race and religion. Race and religion fall under protected characteristics. There are several protected characteristics (S.4 of the Equality Act 2010) laid down in the Equality Act. These characteristics are aimed to be protected from discrimination (Deringer, 2010, p.1). Mr. Rodriguez disregarded the fact that Sarah woods had protected characteristic and contravened the equality act. This led to the discrimination of his employee. Which form of discrimination than did Mr. Rodriguez portray?

Causes of Film Cult Status: Donnie Darko

Causes of Film Cult Status: Donnie Darko Film Donnie Darko Abstract The following dissertation developed out of an enthusiastic interest in â€Å"Cult† film fandom and, in particular, Donnie Darko (Kelly: 2001). The desire to study the film in depth through a case study into its fandom came from my own curiosity and ambition to decipher and understand the level of fandom that surrounds the film, and how that formulated. Through reviewing and studying other academics work in the field and their own theories on cult films it acknowledged the diverse work when trying to find a solid definition and the complexities that follow the term â€Å"cult†. The research was used as the core of my study whilst examining Donnie Darko throughout the dissertation, using the work as not only a definition for cult but also theories on reception and fandom. .. By looking at the pre release of the film itself and the critical reception that followed an interesting debate is revealed: Was Donnie Darko created to become a â€Å"Cult† film? By conducting a study into the critical and fan reception of Donnie Darko it became apparent of the impact this had on the film’s cult status and also of how the cult fandom communities communicate and operate with each other in the form of dedicated fan web sites and fan message boards. By taking into consideration the various components of Donnie Darko, pre release, distribution, fan and critical reception, the conclusion of how much Donnie Darko can be represented as a Cult film can be found. It is plain to see what impact the internet had on the success of its reception with fans and revivals for re-releases, all of which point to the film being deliberately manufactured to adhere to cult sensibilities. Introduction In contemporary film and media there has always been an interest in fan studies and audience reception but there has been limited work on the specific genre of cult fandom and cult films. The research that is already available on the subject of cult films is inconclusive and does not share a common definition of what cult film is. I believe that it is possible to make a structured framework of what makes a film cult from existing research but there is insufficient study in respect of how cult films can be seen to be deliberately made. It is my hypothesis that film makers now have the knowledge to be able to construct and manipulate their films into gaining a cult audience, and that by researching this it will inform future academic discourse in the area of cult film. This piece of work will endeavour to map out the techniques used to create a cult film and thereby gain a cult audience and from this it will be possible to determine whether or not cult films are a carefully constructed and marketed text. In this dissertation, which takes the form of a case study, the 2001 Richard Kelly film Donnie Darko will be analysed in terms of how it has achieved the perceived status of being branded a cult film. The aim of this will be to define what a cult film is, and what attributes constitute a cult film, whilst looking at levels of fandom and considering whether or not cult is more ordinary than first perceived. The first section of this paper will discuss existing definitions of what cult films are, and also the problems faced when defining them. Having arrived at a solid definition of what a cult film is it will be used as the reference point when considering cult film in terms with Donnie Darko for the rest of the paper. A film’s cult status is not dependant on textual aspects alone and, in the final section of the paper, I will take a look at the reception of Donnie Darko amongst critics and general fans; this is, arguably, the most essential element to consider in terms of understanding how the status of cult film was conferred upon Donnie Darko. By referring to academic journals and contemporary reviews of the film in commercial film magazines and on websites it will be possible to arrive at an idea of how the critics formed the cult idea. Lacking a formal outlet, fan reception is harder to analyse, but by surveying fan communities online in the form of a dedicated fansite and one specifically created forum for Donnie Darko fans, it will be possible to analyse the fandom surrounding the film. Also, through analysis of focus groups of self proclaimed Donnie Darko fans, it will, through their discourse and opinions, be possible to map how cult fans react and use the text, in order to find out whether the film was constructed for this purpose. Literature Review – What Is Cult? When studying Cult Film it is first important to arrive at a robust definition of the term in order to provide clarity throughout this study. â€Å"Cult Film† is a phrase that is often used, in the context of certain films, by film reviewers, critics and the film fans alike, but arriving at an academic definition of what the terms exactly means, and the attributes a film must be seen to have to conform to a notion of a cult framework, is a difficult task. Many theorists have proposed their own notions and definitions of what makes a film cult, each formulating a different variation of what they see as essential to the make-up of a cult film. Some suggest that a â€Å"cult film† is created through its overall consumption, whilst others attribute prominence to other elements that feature within the text themselves. In their work in the area of cult film Jancovich, Stringer, Willis and Reboll also recognise that the term cult has many different meanings and connotations, asserting that â€Å"(Cult) would include entries from such seemingly disparate subgenres as â€Å"bad film†, splatterpunk, â€Å"mondo† films, and sword and sandal epics, Elvis flicks† (Sconce 1995 cited in Jancovich et al 2003:1) the list goes on but the point they are trying to make is that an overwhelmingly large group of films could potentially be considered as cult. In their work they do not set out to completely define the exact characteristics of any specific movies, describing cult films as an â€Å"essentially eclectic category† (Jancovich et al 2003:1) the work also goes on to propose that there is no one single signifier or characteristic that is occupied by every cult film but that they are formed by the viewers and critics via a â€Å"subcultural ideology† (Jancovich:2003:1), and that, in terms of film, this ideology is formed when the audience or even the film maker choose to view the films in opposition to what is thought to be mainstream cinema. An example of this would be Hollywood cinema stories that have a beginning, middle and an end whilst following a set path which leads to a resolved and happy ending in most cases. Jancovich goes on to also describe how film fans claim the title of being a cult fan by suggesting that there are two separate groups. The first set of fans that are ones that can be seen to â€Å"revere specific films as works of true artistic and political independence† (Jancovich et al: 2003:2). Examples of such works would include Stanley Kubrick’s A Clockwork Orange (1971) and more recently Quentin Tarantino’s Pulp Fiction (1994), these films although having gained much popularity can be perceived as being quite obscure and different. These differences are aesthetically pleasing for certain viewers that consider it cult. The other group of fans he describes are fans that watch films that can be viewed and celebrated for the simple fact that they have not adhered to mainstream cinema, these films, in a lot of cases, do not even have recognisable quality in terms of story or acting but are again enjoyed due to the over-the-top and often clichà ©d acting and effects. An example of this would be Sam Raimi’s Evil Dead Trilogy in the 1980’s, which included over the top gory scenes and also clichà ©d catchphrases such as when the main character Ash (Bruce Campbell) is confronted by a demon who tells him that he will â€Å"swallow his soul† before Ash replies â€Å"Swallow this† kills the demon with a shotgun blast. Such celebration and viewings of these films, known as cult fandom, came from a direct opposition to main box office Hollywood hits and certain areas of movie fans seemed to crave these over-the-top and unusual films more than the epic blockbuster. This market for alternative films was not left unnoticed by film exhibitors and the emergence of art screenings began to emerge or, as Jancovich put it, they â€Å"turned to wealthy specialist audiences through the creation of art cinemas† (Jancovich et al 2003:3). The creation of such picture houses channeled the fans of these alternative films together and became their first forum to engage with each other. This can be considered a critical step in cult fandom emerging and is pertinent in terms of this study as it can be seen to correspond with the online forums that are now widely available for fans to discuss their passions. A phenomenon which is discussed in detail below. Jancovich et al goes on to touch on the spate of technological advances that have recently begun to have a bearing on whether films gain the status of cult. For example new media outlets such as digital television, art cinemas, VHS, DVDs and most recently the internet that allow higher distribution of films, regardless of the film’s success in the mainstream cinemas. This technological revolution of distribution is described by Jancovich as â€Å"a powerful market force† (Jancovich et al 2003:4). Such a market force means that films that completely failed at the box office and have been written off by critics can nevertheless go on to gain a loyal fan base simply through buzz generated by fans telling each other about the films. A phenomenon which has become increasingly prevalent with the rise of the internet fan bases. Jancovich et al acknowledge a number of problems with the new rise in technology, the first of which being that the wide array of possible ways for the films to be seen now â€Å"threatens distinction and exclusivity†(Jancovich et al 2003) something which cult movies and their fans depend on. This is a particularly interesting notion, as it suggests that although the available media outlets allow fans a base on which to share their film interests on, it can also mean that film makers can market carefully constructed films, which adhere to all the attributes that have made many other cult films successful, directly in order to tap into a specific, pre-identified cult audience. There are examples of films being made for the specific purpose of gaining a cult status or a highly niche audience to form a cult, this warps the notion of what cult film is due to the deliberate attempt to create a fan base rather than one being spontaneously generated. This can lead to films appearing to have the textual elements of a cult film but not have the same following of that of a cult film but, rather, that of a failed mainstream film. A fan base which is essential to the idea of cult. An example of a failed cult film would be I Heart Huckabees (Russel:2004) its confusing, multi level narrative and overall unusualness, whilst seeking a cult market, has not generated any significant fan support, so cannot be considered cult as loyal fan base is a reoccurring element in any cult definition. One film that might been seen to be a successful manufacturing of a cult was The Blair Witch Project, using alternative technology, with the use of the handheld cameras, not seen before in modern Hollywood. This film can be also said to be the first film to properly use the internet as a tool for advertising their film, through a cult medium. h Be that as it may, it is not to say that any film with a fan base will be considered cult. Films such as Star Wars (Lucas) which has perhaps the biggest, obsessive fan base of any film could be perceived as being far too popular in the mainstream to be even considered as cult. This is one of the many difficulties in investigating what a cult film is but despite of this it is still essential to investigate films on many levels to identify and confirm a films cult status.The reception of a film after its release represents perhaps the biggest part in the creation of a cult film and this happens through two groups – The Fans and The Critics. First of all the viewing public play a major part in the cult success of a film and only through fandom can a film achieve a true cult status. Cult films could be labeled through critics calling it so in a review, this can cause a domino effect and influence fans to begin acknowledging the film as having cult status, due to the academic labeling of cult. Critical approval though is not as concrete evidence of a films status, as the slating of a film by a critic could in turn create a higher cult following for that film.Harper and Mendik in their work have put forward a number of characteristics of films that are considered cult after analyzing a number of cult films. They point towards futuristic ideas, the paranormal, scattered and complex narratives, gory violence and events that cannot be explained, this are seen to be essential to being able to put films into a cult category (Harper Mendik 2000:8 to10). This work along with Jancovich et al’s approaches cult film as a type of counter culture. An alternative culture to Hollywood and its principles and practices in terms of film and also counter to the norms of the rest of western society. Although there are many differing views on what a cult film is, this is the definition that will be used and acknowledged throughout the rest of the study and is the template for what will be considered â€Å"Cult†. The definition above is not complete however as , although it does describe what elements the film has to have for the reader of the text to describe it as cult, it does not entirely show what cult fandom is, and as a result it is essential to read the text as what Barry Grant describes as the â€Å"supertext†. What is meant by the â€Å"supertext† is that more than just the text is studied and in relation to cult film its distribution, consumption and reception all play a pivotal role in its cult definition or as Grant himself describes â€Å"Because cult films, by common definition involve some intense devotion on the part of their audience† (Grant 2000:14) It is Grant’s view that the supertext, in the form of a cult film can transport the viewer away from their own reality by using a certain text to escape from their norms as Grant states in his work on The Rocky Horror Picture Show in which he contends that â€Å"it is a fundamentally ambiguous text that can comfortably accommodate opposed readings. Because of its well-known phenomenon of audience participation, the move also is perhaps the clearest demonstration of the cult films supertextual significance† (Grant 2000:19). This view ties in with audience reception theory and the Uses and Gratifications model to be exact. Throughout this study fans’ behavior will be looked at in relation to the Uses and Gratifications (UG) which is a body of approaches underpinned by the basic idea that people use texts and the media to gain specific gratifications out of them or as Blumler and Katz state It presents the use of media in terms of the gratification of social or psychological needs of the individual (Blumler Katz 1974). In their work on UG Jay G Blumler and Elihu Katz put forward four sub-sections when considering in what areas the audience were gaining gratification from media texts; these include surveillance, personal relationships, personal identity and diversion. The element that relates closest to the work on cult film and in particular Grant’s work is the Diversion section, which is described as a media text which allows the user an escape from reality. Also the section on personal identity is relevant to this study as it is described as a person creating their own identity from things they find attractive in the media. These two sub-sections will be considered when studying fans that use Donnie Darko as it demonstrates the cult fan’s relationship to the text as being active and is the closest media theory to the work already studied on cult film. Finally, in considering the phenomenon of online fandom, it is worth noting Matt Hills work on newsgroups which describes online fandom as something separate and new from offline fandom, or as Matt Hills states â€Å"The mediation of ‘new media’ must be addressed rather than treated as an invisible term within the romanticised ‘new’. (Hills 2002:172). This particular study was useful to me in that it was the first to open my eyes into the usefulness of the data online when studying fans. Here Henry Jenkins explains the wealth of data that can be accessed â€Å"the computer net groups allow us to observe self-defined and ongoing interpretive community.. {Whose} discussions occur without direct control or intervention by the researcher, yet in a form that is legitimately open to public scrutiny and analysis† (Jenkins 1995 cited in Hills 2002: 174). I found this quote particularly useful when deciding on methodology and despite having already decided on focus group research to research fans face–to-face it became apparent that the internet also would have a wealth of data to be analysed without any interference from academics, making the data more valid.Overall what I can take from the literature review is the following definition of cult that will be used as a template for the study of Donnie Darko. Having studied many different theories, it is the following template that will be used when considering fans in relation to the film â€Å"A cult film is characterised by its active and lively communal following. Highly committed and rebellious in their appreciation, cult audiences are frequently at odds with cultural conventions.Cult films transgress common notions of good and bad taste, and they challenge genre conventions and coherent storytelling. Among the techniques cult films us are intertextual references, gore, loose ends in storylines, or the creation of a sense of nostalgia† (Cultographies: Cult Definition: Web: Accessed 10/03/08) As it is this definition, combined with the Jancovich’s theory that cult films can be deliberately made in a marketing attempt to gain a cult following, that will be used in relation to fans using Donnie Darko as a supertext to see how film makers can now manipulate a fan base, using new media technology as a base. Project Aims The aim of this study will be to follow the case study of Donnie Darko, it being a contemporary example of a cult film, and map out its reception as a cult film from its early cinema release to the reception of both fans and critics alike of subsequent releases of further editions of the film. By mapping out the film in this way it will become clearer not only how it adheres to the cult formula but also how cult is established or even in some cases manipulated. By studying fans of the film in relation to Grant’s work on the supertext it becomes clear how the film makers have influenced the level of fandom involved and also perhaps most importantly the fans’ contribution. Methodology To maximise the potential for results that hold quality and validity throughout my case study of Donnie Darko a number of different methods are used to gain the evidence I need to conclude this study. The purpose of focus groups in this study is to question fans of Donnie Darko on their level of fanaticism and also to find out how they were influenced by the film to become such a fan. The constitution of the focus groups is derived from personal networks, family and other university goers. My target population has no class, race or gender requirements, targeting the fanatical fans of Donnie Darko and as the film itself when it was released was targeted at teens and tweens the source group is taken from university students and their peer group. Focus groups were determined to be the optimum methodology, representing a practical and relatively inexpensive way to do research due to lack of a budget; the participants can be sought out and assembled quickly. The insights that are needed to make are immediately available, the insights in this case is what makes the film so important to their lives and the reasons behind them buying into the Donnie Darko cult.The benefits of using a focus group rather than just a survey revolve around the degree of interviewing flexibility as; during the focus groups it is possible to play clips from different films and to be able to study body language and interactions between the fans in relation to the enjoyment of different elements of cult films. Arthur Asa Berger describes the usefulness of this particular technique â€Å"The aim of the discussion is not to build a consensus, but just the opposite- to find out what each member of the focus group thinks about the topic under discussion, to elicit from each person in the group his or her descriptions of behavior of interest.†(Berger 1991:91)The contents of the transcripts obtained from these focus groups are then read through and analysed using content analysis trying to draw distinction between a cult films being deliberately manufactured The attendees of the focus groups included five fans of the film that I had considered to be deeply involved with their fandom in regards to Donnie Darko. They were obtained by the sending of emails, Attached at Appendix B, to all students of Bath Spa University, asking them if they consider themselves fans of Donnie Darko and if they did if they would like to take part in a research project that would not take up much of their time. Their anonymity was also assured, as their gender was neither at issue nor who they were. Many replies were received,32 in all, and a response was sent back outlining the intentions of the study, how the findings would be used and what would be required of those willing to participate Potential participants were also sent a set of questions designed to test their level of fandom. These questions were derived from the largest Donnie Darko fan list (website) on the internet and required the respondent to possess a degree of knowledge necessary to being considered a â€Å"true† fan of Donnie Darko. The replies that were considered to most correspond with a high degree of fandom were subsequently selected to take part in the study. During the focus group session a number of set questions, Attached at Appendix A, were asked that were considered essential to my study. These questions were used as they facilitate an analysis of how the film makers attracted this cult market and what elements inspired the fans. The reasoning behind using the interview technique mixed with the focus group rather than questionnaire is that the interviews enabled participants to answer in their own words and language structure in favour of a mark out of 10 on a questionnaire sheet. This affords the findings a richer meaning as well as allowing for the clarification of certain meanings or, as Berger puts it, â€Å"The depth interview, on the other hand, is highly focused. It is conducted to get at matters such as hidden feelings or attitudes and beliefs that respondents may not be aware of or that are only dimly in their consciousness† (Berger 1991:57) The responses that are sought in order to prove the hypothesis that cult films are manufactured to directly gain a cult fan base are ones that relate to the film in terms of the definition of cult previously stated for example enjoyment of the loose plot or the sense of nostalgia that film brings to the viewer. Critical Reception Donnie Darko is firm cult fan favorite and has been named in numerous cult film list including coming 9th in Film Four’s 50 films to see before you die (channel 4: web). The film, set in 1988, takes place in a small town in the USA which is about to witness the end of the world. Donnie Darko (Jake Gyllenhaal) is a troubled youth who is plagued by visions of a giant rabbit named Frank who warns him of the worlds impending doom. Along with his girlfriend Gretchen (Jena Malone), and other people that help him along the way, he must try to understand the strange happenings at home, at school and his life. It is a struggle against time and life as he gets led closer to the end of the world. Donnie Darko was the debut film of director and writer Richard Kelly. It premiered at 2001 film festivals, generating a high level of â€Å"buzz† and picking up a number of awards; most notably the grand jury prize at the renowned Sundance Film Festival. The film generated a lot of hype arising from this festival buzz, and this hype in turn damaged the commercial success of the film. Film distributors were put off by the film’s multi-genre format and, arriving around the time of the terrorist acts of 9/11, the scenes of plane crashes at the start and end of the film, as one commentator states â€Å"Donnie Darko, a story of death and crashing jets, flopped in the US, not least because it came out just after 9/11† (Danny Leigh: 2004: Web). Because of this the film was considered a box office flop, only being able to amass $110,494(source IMDB) in its first weekend as it was only shown on 58 screens in the whole of the United States and, subsequently, only given a f ew weeks run, it was in danger of slipping off the radar. Under these situations, the press and critics may not have given Donnie Darko the attention and acclaim that is arguably deserved. At the time of release Richard Kelly had not explained that the film was open to interpretation and reviewers seemed at odds with the film, especially with what the film was trying to say or if indeed that the audience was required to create their own meaning. Searching for reviews of Donnie Darko it becomes apparent that few critics were agreed on the films agenda. The British Film Institute’s magazine Sight and Sound wrote that â€Å"(Donnie Darko is) about seemingly inconsequential but secretly connected details, and divine forces that compel characters to actions they dont understand† (Felperin 2002 web) Others do not share this view, with one reviewer deciding that Donnie Darko is merely a general teen movie and that â€Å"Donnie Darko may be the Everest of adolescent angst movies. A smart, emotionally troubled suburban teen wrestles with the usual stuff identity issues, bullies, well-meaning but clueless parents and various school absurdities† (W. Addiego, San Francisco Chronicle 2001) and some clearly articulating their confusion, asking â€Å"Is it a horror film? A black comic parable of Generation X angst? A teen drama with a psycho edge? If not, what the hell is it? Looking in my notebook, I see I have scribbled: David Lynch, The X Files, Prozac Nation, My So-Called Life, Ghost World†¦.none of these quite nails the genre, and perhaps more importantly the tone of this very strange movie.† (Bradshaw: 2002 Guardian: Web) The confusion that was exhibited by the film critics can be attributed to the multifaceted and multi genre format that can be seen in most cult films. Donnie Darko’s mix of sci-fi, horror and comedy is reminiscent of other recent cult films such as Starship Troopers and Critters and apparent in reviews of an older cult favourite The Evil Dead which state that â€Å"The influence of The Three Stooges on its comical creative trio of director Raimi, producer Robert Tapert, and lead actor Bruce Campbell gives the film a playful but unsettling feeling† (Glanville 2001: BBC: Web). It is this unusual mix that gives cult films an ingredient that mainstream Hollywood lacks, cult films can be seen to go against these ideologies and critics did not miss this within Donnie Darko from the outset, claiming that â€Å"The product of first-time writer-director Richard Kellys fertile imagination, Donnie Darko is one part 1980s Hollywood teen movie, one part sci-fi flick, with a dollop of David Lynch and a twist of Catcher in the Rye. If you were cynical you might call that cocktail the instant cult classic† (Slater 2002: BBC Web). With reviews such as this the Donnie Darko cult begins to take shape in the public consciousness whilst the fact that the film seems to have been designed as a cult is also recognised by the reviewers. After the critics have their say it is down to the fans to make what they want of the film and whether or not the reviewers have a direct influence on the fans when calling films cult is another issue, but they can be seen reacting to Donnie Darko as they had with numerous cult films to go before it. By looking at Donnie Darko, we are looking at the most contemporary film to become such a cult success and much of the onus has been pointed towards the increase in new media technology and in particular the internet. The internet has enabled large groups of fans in fan communities that can easily support, critique and help each other to come to understand films, especially Donnie Darko. Not only can fans talk to each other about the film, the interest in film can be seen world wide and the buzz created helps spread the word and in turn influencing many sales on DVD â€Å"Following the success at the Pioneer, midnight screenings popped up across the country, fueling domestic DVD sales to more than $10 million† (Burnett: 2004 indiewire Web) these sales have since gradually increased in America and gaining a huge following in the U.K. In much the same way as the critics were split and at odds with each other, the audience also lacked consensus, with some arguing that the plot holes and the general mystery around the film should be celebrated for making the film special and those who did not subscribe to this concept and expected the film to be resolved for them. Such oppositions in taste between fans and critics alike creates the perfect grounds for a cult to form and to be celebrated, this becomes clearer when studying the fan communities themselves. Study Phase 2 Returning to the internet, as represent the primary vehicle and forum for fans to communicate with each other, often in the form of dedicated fan sites. Such sites are created by individual wishing to share their fandom of the film with others and seeking to explain Donnie Darko in their own way. Perhaps the main source of discourse between fans takes place on interactive message boards, an online version of the ‘book club’ model for example. By analysing and describing the audience reception to Donnie Darko, it gives us additional insight into the level and type of fandom that is associated with cult films. More now than ever before, due to technological advances, fans are able to discuss and interpret their views on the film, and even doubters of the film can read the views of fans and be drawn into the mystery of the film. Such debates not only invoke discussion but allow the fans to obtain pleasure from the text and becoming more literate in it. The internet discussion rooms help breed the cult in more ways than the discussion itself. The debates between fans lead on to other events such as the viewing of the film again, evaluating and developing new ideas obtained from reading other fan theories. Subsequent development of their own new ideas to share with other fans is encouraged, not only adding value to their own reading of the text but also boosting the pleasure of the community as a whole. It can be argued that such close inspection and dismantling of the text, leads to the film being used in a way that was not the intention of its author, Richard Kelly, but it is this hardcore following of fans online that have created the success for Donnie Darko and without their keen following and debates the film would not be ascribed cult status. Here it may be pertinent to refer back to the idea of the supertext as we can identify the fans’ reception as showing the commitment and passion required to form the cult of Donnie Darko using the internet as the foundation for the fans personal but maybe imagined affiliation with the film. When searching the internet, on a search engine, typing in â€Å"Donnie Darko Fansite† brings up thousands and thousands of pages and, after reading through many of them, it seeme

Essay --

A wedding is exciting, especially if it’s your own. However, the actual preparations could dampen that sense of eagerness and anticipation. In extreme cases, working out the details, such as invitations and the bridal car (http://carrentgoa.com/wedding-cars/) can turn the â€Å"lucky lady† into a bridezilla. Don’t take the fun out of your special day before it’s even begun. Avoid these costly wedding planning mishaps. Mistake No. 1 - Going all out on the jewellery It’s tempting to have more than one sparkler as you walk down the aisle. If the bling is worth half of your budget, think again. Remember, everyone’s attention will already be focused on you. The bride is the star of her own wedding, after all. Choose a key accessory to match the cut of your dress and slip on that lovely engagement ring (http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/diamonds-decoded-experts-guide-buying-engagement-ring/story?id=19630519). †¢ Ice Envy diamond rings (http://www.iceenvy.com.au/) – these exquisite jewellery pieces are created by a master artisan and has gemologist approval. Mistake No. 2 - Asking all your friends to be part of the wedding party Sometimes, being engaged makes you want to shout it from the rooftops. That’s great! But it doesn’t mean everyone who hears about it should automatically be part of the wedding party. If your (and your intended hubby’s) finances are limited, the money should be spent on where it’s most needed. Bridesmaid bouquets and dresses can get expensive. Determine the number of people in the wedding party by your budget, not your contact list. If you really think about, individuals whom both of you are really close to might not be more than dozen. Having known you since childhood or seen you through every relationship cris... ...have so many things to attend to, there’s no time to practice your â€Å"blushing bride† look. Let a professional take over. Discuss with the stylist the look you want to achieve. †¢ Red October (http://www.redoctoberhairandbeauty.co.uk/) – experienced unisex hairdressers in Lancashire. Mistake No. 6 – Having decorations that are too elaborate Decor is necessary to liven up the venue. But avoid going overboard. The cost of wall hangings and rope lights can add up. Stick to the essentials (e.g. fresh flowers). These sources may come in handy. †¢ Tynte Flowers (https://www.tynte.com/) – an online florist shop where customers can get fresh bridal bouquets. †¢ Mystique Events wedding aisles (http://www.mystiqueevents.com.au/white-wedding-aisles-melbourne) – decorative solutions that add beauty to the venue for the nuptials. Find additional references on these web pages:

Blaxicans and Other Reinvented Americans Essay

In â€Å"Blaxicans† and Other Reinvented Americans,† Richard Rodriguez points out that America has become a place that is fully populated by immigrants from around the world. He asserts that there is no way to assign race names to citizens because everyone can be multiple races. According to Rodriguez, Americans create labels (e. g. Hispanic) in a ridiculous attempt to classify people in the simplest form; a plan doomed to fail. Rodriguez continues by describing his idea of â€Å"ethnicity,† which is ultimately based on the way people act and the things they value. The article describes the way in which all races are intertwined within the country, and within the world. The idea of â€Å"diversity† is also mentioned in the article when discussing the topic of interracial marriages. Rodriguez goes on to describe the false â€Å"Hispanic† category much of this country has fallen into. Ultimately, Rodriguez explains that â€Å"Hispanic† is a term used only in America for colonization purposes. Hispanic is a false idea because upon going to Latin America, one would encounter black Hispanics, white Hispanics, etc.and that is factual. By 2003, Hispanics became the largest minority in the world (whatever that means). Rodriguez goes on to share his views on assimilation: â€Å"ASSIMILATION HAPPENS. † Assimilation is the act of people of different backgrounds viewing themselves as a part of a larger national family. This article acknowledges the vast array of racial possibilities within the world. Rodriguez ends the article by saying he, a man of Mexican descent, is Chinese because he enjoys Chinese culture, and that is how ethnicity should be decided. Vocabulary * incomprehensibly: adv: inarticulately (aimlessly, franticly, confusedly) * mythic: adj: make-believe (storied, imaginary, folkloric) * rind: n: covering (epicarp, hull, husk) * aforementioned: adj: previous; come before (precedent, former, prior) * demythologizing: v: reinterpret a subject or text * mulatto: n: a person of mixed white and black ancestry Rhetorical Strategies * Anecdote: â€Å"On his interview show, Bill Moyers once asked me how I thought of myself. As an American? Or Hispanic? I answered that I am Chinese, and that is because I live in a Chinese city and because I want to be Chinese. † (paragraph 19) * Paradox: â€Å"I come to you as Chinese. Unless you understand that I am Chinese, then you have not understood anything I have said. † (paragraph 25) * Imagery: â€Å"My eye has taken on that palette, has come to prefer lime green and rose reds and all the inventions o this Chinese Mediterranean. † (paragraph 19).

The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano

In â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano,† it discussed the life and hardship of Equiano throughout his life. Equiano was from a small province of Africa called Eboe where they were well mannered and traditional. He grew up in a wealthy and established family with his mother, father, and siblings. During the course of Equiano’s life he had some good and challenging time, but through it all he endured it to the end. Throughout his life Equiano experienced what he feels like to be free and to be a slave. In the memoir forced, cruel, and child labor was depicted. Slaves in Africa were treated exceptionally well were as slaves in America were treated if they were not human. .Equiano was treated as if he was a part of the family he was sold to until he was sold to a family that treated their slaves poorly. Religion and Equiano determination helped him gain freedom. Also his experience was astonishingly unique. In the memoir several forms of slavery w as depicted. Forced labor was one of the common form of slavery. People in Africa was taken and kidnapped by the European people. Africans were forced to work for free to whomever they were sold to. Also, cruel labor was common throughout the memoir. Although some slave owners were treating their slaves as humans many were not. Some slave owners would make their slaves work gruesome hours without giving them the proper amount of time to recuperate. When slaves would be tired or if they did not produce the qualityShow MoreRelatedThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano2195 Words   |  9 PagesLeslie Pena Dr. Short English 2333 Nov. 24, 2014 Olaudah Equiano I chose to do â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† by Equiano himself, an autobiography written in the seventeenth century. I like how it’s an autobiography and which he writes the important parts of his life. It’s interesting to see how a free African American became a slave at a very young age and to experience everything he had gone through to buy his freedom back. Within every experience he had, there areRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano exists as an extremely important work in the abolitionist movement in England. As an 18th century narrative written by a former black slave the novel provides a glimpse into the lives of the African slaves involved in the slave trade as well as the slave traders themselves. Even with the controversy over the authenticity of Equiano’s claims on his origin in Africa and his subsequent voyage through the Middle Passage, this novel servesRead MoreEquiano : The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano987 Words   |  4 Pagesunimaginable in our society. Olaudah Equiano was former enslaved African who wrote an autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, which he fully goes into great detail about his encounter with slavery. Equiano was born in 1745 in the province of Igbo which is town in the country of Nigeria. Equiano describes his father who was an Embrenche, which is a chief or a respect leader in the community who helped decide conflicts and punished crimes. For instance Equiano recalls that adulteryRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano1501 Words   |  7 PagesOlaudah Equiano lived anything less than an ordinary life and we see this through his narrative, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano†. He first captures the reader with the entrancing ta le of his childhood. A tale that was soon brought to end when he was kidnapped from his loving family and sold as a slave. Throughout the narrative, Equiano is searching for a family, like the one he lost. This is shown in â€Å"Filiation to Affiliation: Kinship and Sentiment in Equiano’s InterestingRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano806 Words   |  4 PagesOlaudah Equiano, born in 1745, was a prominent member of the british movement for ending the slave trade and wrote an autobiography entitled, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano†. Equiano s main purpose within writing this excerpt from chapter two of his autobiography was to convince his audience to support the anti-Slave Trade movement, this is evident in his tone switching by the paragraph, his switch of style from a narrative to rhetorical questioning, and his liberal useRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano1331 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscontentment. Everyone dreams of changing aspects of their life, its human nature to think â€Å"If I was just more attractive†, â€Å"If my child just wasn’t handicapped†, or in the case of Equiano â€Å" If I could just be free† then I would be happy. What stands out in the book The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, is that Equiano does appreciates the changes, learns all that can, embraces a new culture, and is happy and fulfilled. Equiano argues the evils of slavery, and desperately wishes slaveryRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Life of Olaudah Equiano and Amistad604 Words   |  3 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Both, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative Life of Olaudah Equiano† and â€Å"Amistad† are important stories about slavery in pre-civil war america because they both address the issues of slavery. These gentlemen in the story made a difference in the slave trade. In â€Å"The life of Olaudah Equia no†, Olaudah was sold on a slave ship that came to the Barbados. Olaudah worked for his freedom, and in the end became efficient in American language. He worked his way to the free life and in the end it workedRead MoreSummary Of The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano 2910 Words   |  12 PagesChristian surveyor! Anti-slavery writer! If you are looking for this in a short story consider â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano.† The title of this story along, gave me knowledge that this story is not like other stories because Olaudah Equiano is the author of the story and the word â€Å"interesting† stays with his narrative all of these years so there got to be something â€Å"interesting† about this work. Also examiming the title of this work, the reader can notice that prejudicesRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano: Religious Roles in the Narrative1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe I nteresting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano: Religious Roles in the Narrative The narrative of Olaudah Equiano is truly a magnificent one. Not only does the reader get to see the world through Equianos own personal experiences, we get to read a major autobiography that combined the form of a slave narrative with that of a spiritual conversion autobiography. Religion may be viewed as at the heart of the matter in Equianos long, remarkable journey. Through Equianos own experiencesRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano, By James Sweet And Katrina Thompson901 Words   |  4 Pagesthe book The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano by Olaudah Equiano, in which the author recounts his experience as a slave going through the Middle Passage. Other works such as Ring Shout, Wheel About The Racial Politics of Music and Dance in North American Slavery, by Katrina Thompson, and Domingos à lvares, African Healing, and the Intellectual History of the Atlantic World, by James Sweet, can help us garner a deeper insight as to the experiences of Olaudah Equiano by analyzing The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano In Hotel California, the Eagles sing â€Å"We are all just prisoners here, of our own device†, meaning most human beings feel somehow trapped by their circumstances, situations, or habits . Change is hard and often doesn’t provide the happiness that the person seeking the change thought that it would provide, leading to frustration and discontentment. Everyone dreams of changing aspects of their life, its human nature to think â€Å"If I was just more attractive†, â€Å"If my child just wasn’t handicapped†, or in the case of Equiano â€Å" If I could just be free† then I would be happy. What stands out in the book The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, is that Equiano does appreciates the changes, learns all that can, embraces a new culture, and is happy and fulfilled. Equiano argues the evils of slavery, and desperately wishes slavery didn’t exist, but he is not concerned with righting the wrongs of the past and obtaining restitution for his time as a slave. This is in direct contrast with the civil rights leaders of today who seem very focused on reminding the population that African Americans were and continue to be mistreated. They need the mistreatment to continue, in a way, because that is how they have built their careers’. Equiano does not seek retribution and dwell on the negative past. He moves on. Throughout the book, Equiano’s situation changes, but more importantly he changes on the inside, and this allows him to continue to learn new skills, adjust toShow MoreRelatedThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano2195 Words   |  9 PagesLeslie Pena Dr. Short English 2333 Nov. 24, 2014 Olaudah Equiano I chose to do â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† by Equiano himself, an autobiography written in the seventeenth century. I like how it’s an autobiography and which he writes the important parts of his life. It’s interesting to see how a free African American became a slave at a very young age and to experience everything he had gone through to buy his freedom back. Within every experience he had, there areRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano exists as an extremely important work in the abolitionist movement in England. As an 18th century narrative written by a former black slave the novel provides a glimpse into the lives of the African slaves involved in the slave trade as well as the slave traders themselves. Even with the controversy over the authenticity of Equiano’s claims on his origin in Africa and his subsequent voyage through the Middle Passage, this novel servesRead MoreEquiano : The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano987 Words   |  4 Pagesunimaginable in our society. Olaudah Equiano was former enslaved African who wrote an autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, which he fully goes into great detail about his encounter with slavery. Equiano was born in 1745 in the province of Igbo which is town in the country of Nigeria. Equiano describes his father who was an Embrenche, which is a chief or a respect leader in the community who helped decide conflicts and punished crimes. For instance Equiano recalls that adulteryRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano1501 Words   |  7 PagesOlaudah Equiano lived anything less than an ordinary life and we see this through his narrative, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano†. He first captures the reader with the entrancing ta le of his childhood. A tale that was soon brought to end when he was kidnapped from his loving family and sold as a slave. Throughout the narrative, Equiano is searching for a family, like the one he lost. This is shown in â€Å"Filiation to Affiliation: Kinship and Sentiment in Equiano’s InterestingRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano877 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano,† it discussed the life and hardship of Equiano throughout his life. Equiano was from a small province of Africa called Eboe where they were well mannered and traditional. He grew up in a wealthy and established family with his mother, father, and siblings. During the course of Equiano’s life he had some good and challenging time, but through it all he endured it to the end. Throughout his life Equiano experienced what he feels like toRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano806 Words   |  4 PagesOlaudah Equiano, born in 1745, was a prominent member of the british movement for ending the slave trade and wrote an autobiography entitled, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano†. Equiano s main purpose within writing this excerpt from chapter two of his autobiography was to convince his audience to support the anti-Slave Trade movement, this is evident in his tone switching by the paragraph, his switch of style from a narrative to rhetorical questioning, and his liberal useRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Life of Olaudah Equiano and Amistad604 Words   |  3 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Both, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative Life of Olaudah Equiano† and â€Å"Amistad† are important stories about slavery in pre-civil war america because they both address the issues of slavery. These gentlemen in the story made a difference in the slave trade. In â€Å"The life of Olaudah Equiano†, Olaudah was sold on a slave shi p that came to the Barbados. Olaudah worked for his freedom, and in the end became efficient in American language. He worked his way to the free life and in the end it workedRead MoreSummary Of The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano 2910 Words   |  12 PagesChristian surveyor! Anti-slavery writer! If you are looking for this in a short story consider â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano.† The title of this story along, gave me knowledge that this story is not like other stories because Olaudah Equiano is the author of the story and the word â€Å"interesting† stays with his narrative all of these years so there got to be something â€Å"interesting† about this work. Also examiming the title of this work, the reader can notice that prejudicesRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano: Religious Roles in the Narrative1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda h Equiano: Religious Roles in the Narrative The narrative of Olaudah Equiano is truly a magnificent one. Not only does the reader get to see the world through Equianos own personal experiences, we get to read a major autobiography that combined the form of a slave narrative with that of a spiritual conversion autobiography. Religion may be viewed as at the heart of the matter in Equianos long, remarkable journey. Through Equianos own experiencesRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano, By James Sweet And Katrina Thompson901 Words   |  4 Pagesthe book The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano by Olaudah Equiano, in which the author recounts his experience as a slave going through the Middle Passage. Other works such as Ring Shout, Wheel About The Racial Politics of Music and Dance in North American Slavery, by Katrina Thompson, and Domingos à lvares, African Healing, and the Intellectual History of the Atlantic World, by James Sweet, can help us garner a deeper insight as to the experiences of Olaudah Equiano by analyzing The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano Leslie Pena Dr. Short English 2333 Nov. 24, 2014 Olaudah Equiano I chose to do â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† by Equiano himself, an autobiography written in the seventeenth century. I like how it’s an autobiography and which he writes the important parts of his life. It’s interesting to see how a free African American became a slave at a very young age and to experience everything he had gone through to buy his freedom back. Within every experience he had, there are many different topics in between his work: Christianity, dignity of Africans, freedom and liberation, and sailing. Perhaps some people read it as an overall autobiography, but there is always a deeper meaning in between the lines. I will dissect the themes that’s in â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† to explain and stretch out the deeper meaning in each topic. Having a better understanding in his work with other New Critical Responses perspectives. In the chapter â€Å"The Slave Ship and Its Cargo,† Equiano explains his first day in the slave ship after being captured by the African slavers at age ten. Separated from his sister he is now scared and alone in the slave ship, innocent and ignorant to his surroundings he is scared that the white scary men are going to eat him, after seeing the boiling furnace. I believe that he automatically figures he’s going to be eaten by the white man because on how the way things are set up. Having to be his first time in aShow MoreRelatedThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano exists as an extremely important work in the abolitionist movement in England. As an 18th century narrative written by a former black slave the novel provides a glimpse into the lives of the African slaves involved in the slave trade as well as the slave traders themselves. Even with the controversy over the authenticity of Equiano’s claims on his origin in Africa and his subsequent voyage through the Middle Passage, this novel servesRead MoreEquiano : The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano987 Words   |  4 Pagesunimaginable in our society. Olaudah Equiano was former enslaved African who wrote an autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, which he fully goes into great detail about his encounter with slavery. Equiano was born in 1745 in the province of Igbo which is town in the country of Nigeria. Equiano describes his father who was an Embrenche, which is a chief or a respect leader in the community who helped decide conflicts and punished crimes. For instance Equiano recalls that adulteryRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano1501 Words   |  7 PagesOlaudah Equiano lived anything less than an ordinary life and we see this through his narrative, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano†. He first captures the reader with the entrancing tale of his childhood. A tale that was soon brought to end when he was kidnapped from his loving family and sold as a slave. Throughout the narrative, Equiano is searching for a family, like the one he lost. This is shown in â€Å"Filiation to Affiliation: Kinship and Sentiment in Equiano’s InterestingRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano877 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano,† it discussed the life and hardship of Equiano throughout his life. Equiano was from a small province of Africa called Eboe where they were well mannered and traditional. He grew up in a wealthy and established family with his mother, father, and siblings. During the course of Equiano’s life he had some good and challenging time, but through it all he endured it to the end. Throughout his life Equiano experienced what he feels like toRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano806 Words   |  4 PagesOlaudah Equiano, born in 1745, was a prominent member of the british movement for ending the slave trade and wrote an autobiography entitled, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano†. Equiano s main purpose within writing this excerpt from chapter two of his autobiography was to convince his audience to support the anti-Slave Trade movement, this is evident in his tone switching by the paragraph, his switch of style from a narrative to rhetorical questioning, and his liberal useRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano1331 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscontentment. Everyone dreams of changing aspects of their life, its human nature to think â€Å"If I was just more attractive†, â€Å"If my child just wasn’t handicapped†, or in the case of Equiano â€Å" If I could just be free† then I would be happy. What stands out in the book The Inter esting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, is that Equiano does appreciates the changes, learns all that can, embraces a new culture, and is happy and fulfilled. Equiano argues the evils of slavery, and desperately wishes slaveryRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Life of Olaudah Equiano and Amistad604 Words   |  3 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Both, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative Life of Olaudah Equiano† and â€Å"Amistad† are important stories about slavery in pre-civil war america because they both address the issues of slavery. These gentlemen in the story made a difference in the slave trade. In â€Å"The life of Olaudah Equiano†, Olaudah was sold on a slave ship that came to the Barbados. Olaudah worked for his freedom, and in the end became efficient in American language. He worked his way to the free life and in the end it workedRead MoreSummary Of The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano 2910 Words   |  12 PagesChristian s urveyor! Anti-slavery writer! If you are looking for this in a short story consider â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano.† The title of this story along, gave me knowledge that this story is not like other stories because Olaudah Equiano is the author of the story and the word â€Å"interesting† stays with his narrative all of these years so there got to be something â€Å"interesting† about this work. Also examiming the title of this work, the reader can notice that prejudicesRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano: Religious Roles in the Narrative1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano: Religious Roles in the Narrative The narrative of Olaudah Equiano is truly a magnificent one. Not only does the reader get to see the world through Equianos own personal experiences, we get to read a major autobiography that combined the form of a slave narrative with that of a spiritual conversion autobiography. Religion may be viewed as at the heart of the matter in Equianos long, remarkable journey. Through Equianos own experiencesRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano, By James Sweet And Katrina Thompson901 Words   |  4 Pagesthe book The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano by Olaudah Equiano, in which the author recounts his experience as a slave going through the Middle Passage. Other works such as Ring Shout, Wheel About The Racial Politics of Music and Dance in North American Slavery, by Katrina Thompson, and Domingos à lvares, African Healing, and the Intellectual History of the Atlantic World, by James Sweet, can help us garner a deeper insight as to the experiences of Olaudah Equiano by analyzing