Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Annotated Bibliography Example The transition from the application of ratio analysis technique to other models of predicting bankruptcy, following the susceptibility of financial ratio analysis to financial difficulties, is advanced by the article, making it possible to trace the history of bankruptcy over a period of time. The article seeks to advance this study to include the evaluation of multi discriminant analysis (MDA) and Regression analyses, as suitable analytical techniques of evaluating the financial situation of a company, consequently displaying the bankruptcy risks involved. The article is relevant for this study, since it helps in tracing the evolution and advancement of corporate bankruptcy, with a focus on how corporate bankruptcy has been assessed over time. The use of bankruptcy as the recourse for individual and company debts is assessed under this study, with a focus on understanding how bankruptcy have been used to prevent individuals and companies from paying the debts. The article analyses the laws applicable in preventing the abuse of bankruptcy concept, evaluating how well they shield companies from facing bankruptcy suits. Notably, the article concentrates on evaluating how wealthy individuals and companies can use the bankruptcy concept as a loophole to help them have their debts discharged, and at the same time remain with their assets intact. Thus, the role of opportunistic debtors in advancing company bankruptcy in the history of corporate bankruptcy is evaluated. The concepts of involuntary bankruptcy and informal bankruptcy are also studied under the article, with the intention of unearthing the loopholes presented by these concepts, which can accelerate the abuse of bankruptcy. This article is relevant for this study, si nce it helps in creating awareness on various loopholes that have been applied to abuse bankruptcy in the history of company

Effective Political Campaigning in the United States Research Paper

Effective Political Campaigning in the United States - Research Paper Example In the contemporary politics; political campaigns in high profile societies normally involve candidates seeking positions such as head of government or state (Webb et al., 2002). The following essay will cover the keys essential to effective political campaigning, the role of campaign strategist and budget director in meeting the keys to effective political campaign. The essay will sum up by providing some of the lessons that can be learnt in conducting political campaigns and how they can be applied in improving local campaigns. Keys to effective political campaigning Any effective political campaign must put into force various elements to guarantee victory for the political position. These comprise of a political or campaign message, effective campaign financing and efficient organization of the entire political strategy (Richard & Mair, 2005). The campaign message comprises of the vision the candidate intends to share with the potential voters. This normally contains numerous poin ts of discussion in relation to policy matters. These points are frequently repeated with an aim of creating a lasting intuition among the voters. For instance, In Obama’s campaign the campaign message was â€Å"The Change we can believe in†. Besides, a successful campaign must have effective mobilization and management of campaign finance. Potential donors must be attracted by the political manifesto which will enhance effective political campaign. ... Campaign strategist may also be referred to as a campaign managers, consultants or pollsters (Xap Corporation, 2009). Campaign strategist advice candidates during campaigns and at times may continue working during the politician’s term in office. They judge what the electorate needs from leaders and assess how they may react to new policies. A campaign strategist plays a great role in ensuring that the campaign is adequately funded to ensure that the party meets all the voters’ needs (Phillips, Reynolds and Reynolds, 2010). They organize fund raising events to raise funds needed for the campaign. When organizing for funding raising, campaign strategist help identify the best sources of funds for the campaign and reach out to these groups. To convince different individuals contribute finances for the campaign; strategists design the most appealing approaches and especially when it comes to getting money from the private groups. In fund raising, campaign strategists may d irectly solicit funds, use of the internet or organize events (Xap Corporation, 2009). On the other hand, the budget director also plays a great role in ensuring that the funds available for campaign are effectively allocated to critical different areas that require funding. Moreover, they work hand in hand with the campaign strategist when organizing for fund raising for campaigns. Presence of a budget director in a campaign gives the financers of the campaign that their finances are effectively used in the campaigns. Budget directors also act as accountants during campaigns and are needed in regulation of use of campaign funds by the government and

Construction Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Construction Management - Essay Example 10) gave the industry a poor reputation. During the last decade, a number of improvements have been made in the industry, such as partnering that has led to more integration, productivity, and success in construction projects. Collaboration Philosophy Collaboration philosophy in the construction industry is also known as partnering philosophy or partnering. Despite the fact that there has always been partnering between private clients and contractors, the concept gained explicit significance in the mid-1980s (McGeorge and Zou, 2013). The employment of partnering by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and the efforts of the Construction Industry Institute of the United States are both acknowledged for introducing partnering as a drive in the construction industry at the end of the 1980s (McGeorge and Zou, 2013). Today, the United Kingdom strongly relies on partnering in order to promote productivity in the construction industry as encouraged by the Latham Report (McGeorge and Zo u, 2013). In Australia, the Gyles Royal Commission advocates for partnering in the construction industry for productivity. New Zealand also advocates for partnering in construction. ... e extent of the adoption of partnering by the construction industry at large is still difficult to quantify and in some quarters, there is some dubiety about its diffusion in the construction industry† (2013, p. 99). Australia falls after the United States as it has also relatively adopted partnering and run competitions on satisfactory instances of partnered projects through the Masters Building Association. McGeorge and Zou define partnering as â€Å"a process for improving relationships among those involved on a construction project to the benefit of all† (2013, p. 100). The philosophy is being applied as a management tool in the construction industry, to be applied from the start of a construction project. It is believed that partnering accentuates an environment of cooperation, trust, and teamwork among associations and groups of associations. Through the philosophy, functioning alliances that implement the systematic approaches of communication and commitment throu gh teamwork and trust to avoid disputes are created. This in turn forms a unified partnership that enables the successful completion of a construction project. Jones identifies trust, equity, commitment, implementation, development of mutual goals and objectives, timely responsiveness, and continuous evaluation as the principal elements of partnering (1998). Through the partnering process, the people mainly involved in a project get to analyse it, as well as their goals. From the execution stage to the end of the project a number of activities for the partnering process are carried out. These include instructing each party about commitment and the principles of partnering, the objective of the partnering is made clear at the beginning of the project, and commitment is obtained from the top management

Legal Issues Essay Example for Free

Legal Issues Essay From both a spiritual and an ethical perspective Benji Watson should not sign the contract being offered at New Gen Health Sciences. Completely understanding that he is newly out of college, most likely with student loans and upcoming bills he is responsible for, an extremely decent salary of $80,000 looks very ideal for him. In this day and poor economy the average graduated student would jump at the opportunity to accept a high ranked position like this. It is not everyday one gets invited to attend a weekend long event with a company like New Gen. To be lavished by free merchandise for like an iPad and polo shirts. One of my favorites quotes is, â€Å"They best things in life are free.† For many that would have finalized the deal, but money is not everything. In the Holy Bible Jesus teaches us about money. â€Å"Do not store up for yourselves treasures on the earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moth and rust do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.† (Matthew 6:19-21 NIV) Jesus makes it clear that having the wrong treasures leads to our hearts being in the wrong place. What we treasure the most ends up controlling us. Statistics show that young Americans who possess a college degree struggle at mediocre paying jobs all across the United States. I do not know Benji’s financial situation, whether or not he desperately needs this job in order to survive but should he compromise his spiritual and ethical beliefs for this job? I truly do not think it’s worth losing self-dignity. God said that he would provide all of our needs, so regardless I think Benji should rest on that promise. My spiritual mind is telling me that one should never exploit their beliefs for a company’s gain. Spiritually speaking I believe in the faith I have in Jesus Christ. I feel as though if Benji accepts this position he would be settling. If New Gen offered a nice salary plus bonuses, I am sure they are more ethical companies out there willing to hire a well-educated college graduate such as Benji. The fact this company willingly falsely advertised their company for consumers discredits it as a whole for me. Putting up a facade shows the lack of integrity New Gen shows. Business ethics is the study of what makes up good and bad conduct as related to business actions and values. (Kubasek, 2012) In the business world CEO’s and top leaders decide whether or not they’ll follow good ethics  for there company. Clearly Benji sees the dark route New Gen is taking. Not only are they dishonest with investors and distributors, who poured into the company leading to profits, but also consumers. What disturbed me most as a Christian was when the CEO placed himself on such a high pedestal addressing the large crowd at the pep rally. Disrespecting the Christian faith, using the word salvation in a negative way to hype the crowd bothered me. â€Å"Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows. The one who sows to please his sinful nature, from that nature will reap destruction; the one who sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life. â€Å" (Galatians 6:7-8 NIV) As a believer I would not be comfortable working for a man who disrespected and took my faith so lightly and used it for personal gain. Furthermore the company showed mixed messages in regard to the possible hiring of Benji. New Gen Health Services made it seem like they didn’t interview him based on his Master’s degree, but because they assumed he was a Christian who could â€Å"talk the talk† to hoard new distributors in. Why would anyone want to work for a company who just wants to exploit you in order to increase the company’s profits and to potentially negatively hurt these lured distributors in the long run? God calls us to do good and live like Jesus. â€Å"So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets.† (Matthew 7:12 NIV) I feel another big reason why Benji shouldn’t sign the contract is because the true motivation for New Gen is corrupt. It is the motivation for the action that determines whether the act is fundamentally ethical or economic. (Dobson, 2012) There is a clear distinction of what form of ethic New Gen chose to do. They went the strategic-ethic path, aiming for the best monetary results for them. The economic benefits to be derived from superficially ethical behavior can be significant. (Dobson, 2012) If Benji did consider signing the contract with New Gen he may have felt that this is how all businesses are run in the real world. The scheme â€Å"Get rich quick!† is popular among many. It is common to familiarize such with corporate culture which is defines as a set of characteristics that define a business. It involves employee attitudes, standards (policy and procedures),  and rites and rituals. Though I believe that this is true and common, I know that they are plenty of businesses choose to do differently. Lastly Benji should avoid signing that contract because he’ll have to deal with his conscience. Would God be pleased with his decision to join such a corrupt company? Would Benji himself be content and comfortable waking up everyday to work for people who truly don’t care about anyone but themselves? I believe the answer to those questions are â€Å"no†. They are so many opportunities for Benji, he just needs to grasp them! In conclusion I am certain Benji is better off working for a company who truly acknowledges good business and spiritual ethics. References (1997) Life Application Study Bible. New International Version. Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc (2013) What is Corporate Culture? Retrieved on November 19, 2013 from http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-corporate-culture.htm Kubasek, N. K., Brennan, B. A. Browne, M. N. (2012). The legal environment of business: A critical thinking approach (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Personality Features of the Entrepreneur

Personality Features of the Entrepreneur Ability to set high personal but obtainable aims The concern of personal accomplishment, rather than reward of success Knowledge and experience-According to Schultz (1975) states that entrepreneur talent is not only innate, but may also improve by experience and education. Entrepreneur knowledge is the important element for any company performance. Brà ¼derl et al (1992) states that the higher level of Entrepreneur education bring positivity in the productivity, which automatically leads to increase the company profit. Hence higher productivity helps to increase efficiency and processing of management and on otherwise tends to attract the customers and participating profitably with suppliers and Investors. Hambrick and Mason(1984) also concludes that company success is totally dependent on the entrepreneur Knowledge. Knowledge mainly depends on the education and the past experience (Barker III and Mueller 2002; Hadjimanolis 2000).By attaining good knowledge, entrepreneur develops new innovative ideas and try to make them real. On the other hand Hisrich Peter (1995); Mcgrath MacMillan (2000) argues that there is perception that education experience do make contribution to the function of Entrepreneurship, however these experiences may not always exclusively transpire through formal education The environment of the different culture can produce difference in attitude (Baskerville 2003) as well as differences in the behaviour of entrepreneurial (North 1990; Shane 1994) culture knowledge is another aspect which can be understood by entrepreneur. According to Zhao (2010), the cultural awareness could be defined as the understanding of a peoples historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking. Therefore, as Rogers and Steinfatt (1999) argue, culture has very powerful effects on individual behaviour including entrepreneurial behaviour. Vernon et aI (1997) explained that culture is an significant in any discussion of Entrepreneurship because it determines the attitude of individuals towards the commencement of Entrepreneurship. Prior hand experience is considered to be beneficial for any entrepreneur and can be expected to have a greater ability to resist unfavourable shocks and to perform corrective actions in a new venture. According to Davidsson and Honig (2003) Starr and Bygrave (1992) explains that the previous experience helps to lead to an implement skills that critically influences subsequent efforts to establish and build up new ventures. Also Shane(2000) Ucbasaran et al. (2003) concludes that the individuals who engage in the multiple starts-up called habitual entrepreneur, who develops a entrepreneurial approach and problem solving ability which automatically helps to increase their skill to recognize and utilize further opportunity. Propensity to take Risk-Risk attitude influence the entire life cycle of Entrepreneur. According to Cramer et al (2002) caliendo et al (2009), there is positive linkage between Risk attitude and the decision to become an Entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs tend to be more independently-minded, ready to take risks and accept the penalty if things go wrong.Casson (1982) concludes that risk taking ability and innovativeness are the personal characteristics and more over they have all the knowledge of handling business. Thus, people with more experience, higher abilities or greater knowledge in the field of potential self-employment tend to perceive the risks connected with certain decisions as lower ( Gifford 2003).Caird(1988) also agreed with Casson and concludes that successful entrepreneurs have abilities and knowledge to sense business risks and profitability and try to accurate errors to improve business performance and prospects. On the other hand Grable and Lytton (1998) also claim that the educational level of entrepreneurs is the most important variable in distinguishing risk-taking intensity in businesses. Psychological theory has pointed out that the individuals risk attitude is only one of numerous personal variables possibly influencing the decision to become an entrepreneur ( Rauch and Frese 2000). Person risk attitude is one of the key variable In the choice between a salaried job and entrepreneurship. According to Chell et al. (1991), there should be an inverse U-shaped relation between risk attitudes and entrepreneurial survival, where low risk attitudes characterize more risk averse and high risk attitudes indicate less risk averse persons. Recent research by Baron (2004) and K ¨ollinger et al (2007) provides further explanations for why particularly risk-seeking entrepreneurs might decide to start a business venture, even if low or even negative outcomes may arise with relatively high probability. Leadership- According to Graen and Scandura(1987) Leadership is broadly viewed as an interactive process, dependent upon both leaders and followers . and an entrepreneur is often described as a leader who must define a vision of what is possible and attract people to rally around that vision and transform it into reality (Kao, 1989). Hence, it is argued that there is interconnection between entrepreneurship and leadership (Jensen and Luthans, 2006) and to be successful entrepreneurs must possess leadership skills (Colbert, 2003).A leader has to be Entrepreneur aswell.It has been written that Entrepreneurial leadership deals with concepts and ideas,which are related to problems that are not of an organisational nature ( EL-Namaki 1992). Hinterhuber and Krauthammer (1998) assert that in todays turbulent environment, which demands not only continual innovation but radical improvements in all stakeholders satisfaction, leadership is more critical than ever for entrepreneurs. Author agin states that leadership stands onthree pillars: (1) Envisioning (2) Being an example and (3) Increasing the value of the firm Avolio et al (2004) provided a theory driven Framework for Studying Entrepreneur as a leader, with the focus on experience, self regulatory process, and leader behaviour The above theory explores that how a entrepreneur leadership can positively linked to the organisation commitment, satisfaction of the job, happiness to his/her employees. Rhoades et al(2001) add on that when employees are treated in a fair and caring manner, they become more committed towards the organisation ,and more likely to have positive attitude. Confidence- Confidence is the key to success for any individual. Very few Entrepreneur need to have important skills, out of which confidence is very vital. Confidence helps entrepreneur to convert an idea into Business success. According to Wilson et al., (2007) self confidence is based on the abilities and perception of the skills rather than objective ability. But Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM) found that there is difference between the level of self confidence ability to believe in an entrepreneurs non-entrepreneurs. Minniti et al., 2004) also supports the idea of GEM that there is difference between the level of confidence in an Entrepreneur. Boyd and Vozikiss theory of intentionality helps us understand the role of confidence here too. They argue that self-efficacy not only positively influences intention, but that it also influences the transformation of intention into action (Boyd and Vozikis, 1994).While many entrepreneurs may have a clear intention to start a busine ss, not all do, and one of the things which predicts entrepreneurial action (i.e. launch) is self-efficacy. High confidence promotes a go-ahead spirit that can lead to success amid such uncertainty (Bazerman,1998) On the other hand Forbes (2005) states that the Entrepreneur who found their own business are more over confident than those who dint. According to Griffin and Varey, (1996) ,over confident is treated as situation specific. He means that the individual who is overconfident in one task might not be in second one. Gist and Mitchell (1992) Social cognitive theory tells us that self-efficacy, an assessment of ones confidence, is situation specific and implemented to the particular tasks rather than a general state of being. The real power to attract money comes from our own self-reliance, determination, and will; not from any dependence on anothers help and support. The power to attract money comes from the psychological viewpoint that I am the ultimate determinant of my fate. One of the reasons for Americas founding and continuous success was that her people were dedicated to self-reliance. Casson, M. (1982). The Entrepreneur: And Economic Theory. Oxford: Martin Robertson. Caird, S. (1988). A Review of Methods of Measuring Enterprising Attributes. Durham: Durham University Business School. Davidsson, P. (1989). Continued Entrepreneurship and Small Firm Business. Stockholm: Stockholm School of Economics Bellu, R.R. (1988). Entrepreneurs and managers: are they different? In Reynolds, P.D., Birley, S., Butler, J.E., Bygrave, W.D., Bird, B. (1992). The operation of intentions intime : the emergence of new venture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17 (1), 11-20 Brockhaus, R H. (1982). The psychology of the entrepreneur, hi Kent, C. A., Sexton, D. and Vesper. K. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship (pp. 39-56). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. McClelland, D.C. (1961), The Achieving Society. Princeton, NJ: Van Norstrand Co Opportunity-According to Shane et al (2000) The major task of entrepreneur is to find out and utilize oppurtunities Risk taking Capability- according to REFERENCES FOR BIT 1 Baskerville, R.F. 2003. Hofstede Never Studied Culture. Accounting, Organizations and Society 28(1):1-14 North, D.C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. New York: Norton. Shane, S. 1994. The Effect of National Culture on the Choice between Licensing and Direct Foreign Investment. Strategic Management Journal 15:627-642. Brà ¼derl, J., Preisendorfer, P., Ziegler., R., (1992), Survival Chances of Newly Founded Organizations,American Sociological Review, Vol: 57, 227-242 Hambrick, D. C., Mason, P. A., (1984), Upper echelons: the organization as a reflection of its top managers,Academy of Management Review, Vol. 9, no. 2, 193-206 Barker, V. L., III, Mueller, G.C., (2002), CEO characteristics and firm RD spending, Management Science, Vol. 48, no. 6, 782-801 Hadjimanolis, A., (2000), A resource based view of innovativeness in small firms. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, Vol. 12, no. 2, 263-28 Shane, S. and Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25, 217-26 Shane, S. (2000), Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities, Organization Science, Vol. 11, pp. 217-26. Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P., Wright, M. and Binks, M. (2003), Does entrepreneurial experience influence opportunity identification?, The Journal of Private Equity, Vol. 7, pp. 7-14. Davidsson, P. and Honig, B. (2003), The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 18, pp. 301-31. Starr, J.A. and Bygrave, W.D. (1992), The second time around: the outcomes, assets, and liabilities of prior start-up experience, in Birley, S. and MacMillan, I.C. (Eds), International Perspectives on Entrepreneurship Research 1991: Proceedings of the First Annual Global Conference on Entrepreneurship Research, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 340-63. Vernon -wortzel, H. Wortzel, L. (1997) strategic management in Global economy, John wiley, New York, NY Schultz, T.(1975) The value of the ability to deal with disequlibria. Journal of economic literature, 13,827-846 McgrathMacMillan(2000) The Entrepreneurial Mindset. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Caliendo et al., 2009 M. Caliendo, F. Fossen and A. Kritikos, Risk attitudes of nascent entrepreneurs: new evidence from an experimentally-validated survey, Small Business Economics 32 (2) (2009), pp. 153-167 Cramer et al., 2002 J. Cramer, J. Hartog, N. Jonker and C. Van Praag, Low risk aversion encourages the choice for entrepreneurship: an empirical test of a truism, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 48 (2002), pp. 29-3 Grable, J., Lytton, R. H. (998). Investor risk tolerance: Testing the efficacy of demographics as differentiating and classifying factors. Financial Counseling and Planning, 9(1),61-73 Caird, S. (1988). A Review of Methods of Measuring Enterprising Attributes. Durham: Durham University Business School. Chell, E., J. Harworth, and S. Brearley (1991). The search for entrepreneurialtraits. In E. Chell, J. Harworth, and S. Brearley (Eds.), The EntrepreneurialPersonality: Concepts, Cases and Categories, Routledge Small Business Series,pp. 29-53. London: Thomson Learning Baron, R. (2004). The cognitive perspective: A valuable tool for answering entrepreneurships basic why questions. Journal of Business Venturing 19, 221-240. K ¨ollinger, P., M. Minniti, and C. Schade (2007). I think I can, I think I can: Overconfidence and entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology 28 (4),502-527. Gifford, S. (2003). Risk and uncertainty. In Z. Acs D. Audretsch (Eds.), Handbook of entrepreneurship research:An interdisciplinary survey and introduction (pp. 37-52).Kluwer Academic Publishers. Rauch, A., Frese, M. (2000). Psychological approaches to entrepreneurial success: A general model and an overview of findings. In C. Cooper I. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 101-142). Wiley. Kauer, D., Waldeck, T.C. and Schaffer, U. (2007), Effects of top managerial team characteristics on strategic decision making, Management Decision, Vol. 45 No. 6, pp. 942-67. Miller, D.Dorge, C.and Toulouse, J.M. (1988), Strategeic process and content as mediators between organization, Acadamy of Managemt journal, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 544-569. McClelland, 1990. D.C. McClelland, Human motivation. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990) Gartner, W.B., Bird, B.J. and Starr, J.A. (1992), Acting as if: differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Spring, pp. 13-31. Kao, R.W.Y. (1989), Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development, Holt, Rinehart Winston of Canada, Toronto Jensen, S.M. and Luthans, F. (2006), Entrepreneurs as authentic leaders: impact on employees attitudes, Leadership Organization Development Journal, Vol. 27 No. 8, pp. 646-66. Colbert, F. (2003), Entrepreneurship and leadership in marketing the arts, International Journal of Arts Management, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 30-9. Avolio, B.J. and Luthans, F. (2006), The High Impact Leader: Moments Matter in Accelerating Authentic Leadership Development, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R. and Armeli, S. (2001), Affective commitment to the organization:the contribution of perceived organizational support, Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol. 86, pp. 825-6 Hinterhuber, H.H. and Krauthammer, E. (1998), The leadership wheel: the tasks entrepreneurs and senior executives cannot delegate, Strategic Change, Vol. 7, pp. 149-62 Wilson, F., Kickul, J. and Marlino, D. (2007), Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: implications for entrepreneurship education, Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 387-406 Minniti, M., Arenius, P. and Langowitz, N. (2004), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2004 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship, The Center for Womens Leadership at Babson College,Babson Park, MA Forbes, D.P. (2005), Are some entrepreneurs more overconfident than others?, Journalof Business Venturing, Vol. 20 No. 5, pp. 623-40. Gist, M.E. and Mitchell, T.R. (1992), Self-efficacy: a theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 183-211. Griffin, D.W. and Varey, C.A. (1996), Towards a consensus on overconfidence, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 65 No. 3, p. 227 Bazerman, M.H. (1998), Judgement in Managerial Decision-making, John Wiley Sons, NewYork, NY Boyd, N.G. and Vozikis, G.S. (1994), The influence of self-efficacy on the development ofentrepreneurial intentions and actions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 63-77

The Importance of Physical Fitness Essay -- Exploratory Essays Researc

The Importance of Physical Fitness Are you sick of gasping for air just after a quick trip up the stairs or feeling overly fatigued after a ten minute game of catch with your son? Maybe it is time you get busy and get in shape. What does it really mean to be physically fit? This is a question many of us ask ourselves when we set out to look better and feel better about ourselves. I personally don't know one person in this world that longs to be fat and out of shape. When you finally get off the couch, put the snacks back in the cupboard and decide it is time for you to get in shape, you usually head toward the gym first. Eating right and exercising are the two things that usually come to mind first in order to "get fit." There are however more than just a couple of things one must do to get in shape. Physical fitness is to the human body what fine-tuning is to an engine. It enables us to perform at our highest levels. Fitness can be described as a condition that helps us look, feel and do our best. More specifically, it is: "The ability to perform daily tasks vigorously and alertly, with energy left over for enjoying leisure-time activities and meeting emergency demands, and is a major basis for good health and well-being." ("Fitness...") Physical fitness involves the performance of the heart and lungs, and muscles of the body. And, since what we do with our bodies also affects what we can do with our minds, fitness somewhat influences qualities, such as mental alertness and emotional stability. ("Fitness...") As you undertake your fitness program, it's important to remember that fitness is an individual quality that varies from person to person. It is influenced by age, sex, heredity, personal habits, exercise and ... ...sition has never been a great measurement of sports performance. Lean muscle mass seems to be related to the performance in sports where the ability to generate maximal force is required. Good body compostion is essential for health. In order to achieve good body composition one must eat right and exercise to the best of their ability. (Quinn) Hopefully after learning a little bit more about physical fitness and what it takes to accomplish it, you can go play with you son or daughter and maybe have a little fun while doing it. Without all that wheezing to make it up the stairs you can get more done during your day and still have energy left over for yourself. I hope this information can help you get a jump start on your new exercise program. Don't forget to use all five of the components. These will help you with every aspect of your program to become more fit. The Importance of Physical Fitness Essay -- Exploratory Essays Researc The Importance of Physical Fitness Are you sick of gasping for air just after a quick trip up the stairs or feeling overly fatigued after a ten minute game of catch with your son? Maybe it is time you get busy and get in shape. What does it really mean to be physically fit? This is a question many of us ask ourselves when we set out to look better and feel better about ourselves. I personally don't know one person in this world that longs to be fat and out of shape. When you finally get off the couch, put the snacks back in the cupboard and decide it is time for you to get in shape, you usually head toward the gym first. Eating right and exercising are the two things that usually come to mind first in order to "get fit." There are however more than just a couple of things one must do to get in shape. Physical fitness is to the human body what fine-tuning is to an engine. It enables us to perform at our highest levels. Fitness can be described as a condition that helps us look, feel and do our best. More specifically, it is: "The ability to perform daily tasks vigorously and alertly, with energy left over for enjoying leisure-time activities and meeting emergency demands, and is a major basis for good health and well-being." ("Fitness...") Physical fitness involves the performance of the heart and lungs, and muscles of the body. And, since what we do with our bodies also affects what we can do with our minds, fitness somewhat influences qualities, such as mental alertness and emotional stability. ("Fitness...") As you undertake your fitness program, it's important to remember that fitness is an individual quality that varies from person to person. It is influenced by age, sex, heredity, personal habits, exercise and ... ...sition has never been a great measurement of sports performance. Lean muscle mass seems to be related to the performance in sports where the ability to generate maximal force is required. Good body compostion is essential for health. In order to achieve good body composition one must eat right and exercise to the best of their ability. (Quinn) Hopefully after learning a little bit more about physical fitness and what it takes to accomplish it, you can go play with you son or daughter and maybe have a little fun while doing it. Without all that wheezing to make it up the stairs you can get more done during your day and still have energy left over for yourself. I hope this information can help you get a jump start on your new exercise program. Don't forget to use all five of the components. These will help you with every aspect of your program to become more fit.

Mastering the Art of Losing in Elizabeth Bishop’s Poem, One Art :: Elizabeth Bishop’s One Art

Mastering the Art of Losing in Elizabeth Bishop’s Poem, One Art In the poem â€Å" One Art† by Elizabeth Bishop, the act of losing is raised to the level of an art form. Losing is, according to Bishop, something not to be mastered or dreaded. However, the irony is that Bishop struggles to believe her own hypothesis-- that losing â€Å"... isn’t hard to master...† yet â€Å"... is no disaster...† ( lines 1-3). Naming the poem â€Å" One Art† was done to show that the art of losing is one of many and loss is not to be taken as disaster or failure. Bishop maintains that most physical things, such as keys and watches, possess the inherent the desire to be lost. She knows that society is familiar with everyday loss, such as keys. Mastering this practice seems uniform and Bishop tries to convince that it is not disaster. However in line 10, the diction switches from the third person to being the first person narrator. Now, the loss is personal- that of a person or relationship. She is not only convincing everyone else that loss is no importance but trying and hoping to convince herself as well. The contrast here is, that both physical things and mental desires can be lost, but they should be taken emotionally the same, as suggested. Bishop writes with humor and makes tragedy into a parody. Exclamation marks and a clever rhyming scheme helps to create a silly sing- song poem, justifying that losing things mentally and physically has no shame. In this villanelle the rhyme scheme employed is A-B-A, with continual repetition of the words â€Å"master† and â€Å" disaster", reinforcing the universal point that: The art of losing isn’t hard to master so many things seem filled with the intent to be lost that their loss is no disaster. ( lines 1-3) Stating â€Å"Write It† ( line 19) , â€Å" And Look!† ( line 10) are climactic points in which the speaker wishes to believe herself, that losing really is no disaster, so she must see it, and write it. In the beginning, the poem seems bubbly and unremorseful but as it develops, the speaker shows her real passion for something lost, â€Å".